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    Chemical data quantify Deepwater Horizon hydrocarbon flow rate and environmental distribution

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    Ryerson DWH PNAS_inc-suppl.pdf (1.361Mb)
    Date
    2011-11-11
    Author
    Ryerson, Thomas B.  Concept link
    Camilli, Richard  Concept link
    Kessler, John D.  Concept link
    Kujawinski, Elizabeth B.  Concept link
    Reddy, Christopher M.  Concept link
    Valentine, David L.  Concept link
    Atlas, Elliot  Concept link
    Blake, Donald R.  Concept link
    de Gouw, Joost  Concept link
    Meinardi, Simone  Concept link
    Parrish, David D.  Concept link
    Peischl, Jeff  Concept link
    Seewald, Jeffrey S.  Concept link
    Warneke, Carsten  Concept link
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4987
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1110564109
    Abstract
    Detailed airborne, surface, and subsurface chemical measurements, primarily obtained in May and June 2010, are used to quantify initial hydrocarbon compositions along different transport pathways – in deep subsurface plumes, in the initial surface slick, and in the atmosphere – during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. Atmospheric measurements are consistent with a limited area of surfacing oil, with implications for leaked hydrocarbon mass transport and oil drop size distributions. The chemical data further suggest relatively little variation in leaking hydrocarbon composition over time. While readily soluble hydrocarbons made up ~25% of the leaking mixture by mass, subsurface chemical data show these compounds made up ~69% of the deep plume mass; only ~31% of deep plume mass was initially transported in the form of trapped oil droplets. Mass flows along individual transport pathways are also derived from atmospheric and subsurface chemical data. Subsurface hydrocarbon composition, dissolved oxygen, and dispersant data are used to provide a new assessment of release of hydrocarbons from the leaking well. We use the chemical measurements to estimate that (7.8±1.9) x106 kg of hydrocarbons leaked on June 10, 2010, directly accounting for roughly three-quarters of the total leaked mass on that day. The average environmental release rate of (10.1 ± 2.0) x106 kg/day derived using atmospheric and subsurface chemical data agrees within uncertainties with the official average leak rate of (10.2 ± 1.0) x106 kg/day derived using physical and optical methods.
    Description
    Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of National Academy of Sciences for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2012), doi:10.1073/pnas.1110564109.
    Collections
    • Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering (AOP&E)
    • Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry (MC&G)
    Suggested Citation
    Preprint: Ryerson, Thomas B., Camilli, Richard, Kessler, John D., Kujawinski, Elizabeth B., Reddy, Christopher M., Valentine, David L., Atlas, Elliot, Blake, Donald R., de Gouw, Joost, Meinardi, Simone, Parrish, David D., Peischl, Jeff, Seewald, Jeffrey S., Warneke, Carsten, "Chemical data quantify Deepwater Horizon hydrocarbon flow rate and environmental distribution", 2011-11-11, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1110564109, https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4987
     

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