Experimental studies of melting and crystallization processes in planetary interiors
Citable URI
https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4837Location
GreenlandMt. Shasta, CA
DOI
10.1575/1912/4837Keyword
Crystallization of water; MagmasAbstract
Melting and crystallization processes on the Earth and Moon are explored in this
thesis, and the topics of melt generation, transport, and crystallization are discussed
in three distinct geologic environments: the Moon's mantle, the Greenland ice sheet,
and the Earth's crust. Experiments have been conducted to determine the conditions
of origin for two high-titanium magmas from the Moon. The lunar experiments
(Chapter 2) were designed to explore the e ects of variable oxygen fugacity (fO2) on
the high pressure and high temperature crystallization of olivine and orthopyroxene
in high-Ti magmas. The results of these experiments showed that the source regions
for the high-Ti lunar magmas are distributed both laterally and vertically within the
lunar mantle, and that it is critical to estimate the pre-eruptive oxygen fugacity in
order to determine true depth of origin for these magmas within the lunar mantle.
Chapter 3 models the behavior of water
ow through the Greenland ice sheet driven
by hydrofracture of water through ice. The results show that melt water in the
ablation zone of Greenland has almost immediate access to the base of the ice sheet
in areas with up two kilometers of ice. Chapter 4 is an experimental study of two
hydrous high-silica mantle melts from the Mt. Shasta, CA region. Crystallization is
simulated at H2O saturated conditions at all crustal depths, and a new geobarometerhygrometer
based on amphibole magnesium number is calibrated. In Chapter 5 I use
the new barometer to study a suite of ma c enclaves from the Mt. Shasta region,
and apply it to amphiboles in these enclaves. Evidence for pre-eruptive H2O contents
of up to 14 wt% is presented, and bulk chemical analyses of the inclusions are used
to show that extensive magma mixing has occurred at all crustal depths up to 35km
beneath Mt. Shasta.
Description
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2011
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Suggested Citation
Thesis: Krawczynski, Michael J., "Experimental studies of melting and crystallization processes in planetary interiors", 2011-09, DOI:10.1575/1912/4837, https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4837Related items
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