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    Plume-lithosphere interaction : geochemical evidence from upper mantle and lower crusal Xenoliths from the Kerguelen Islands

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    Hassler_thesis.pdf (19.46Mb)
    Date
    1999-06
    Author
    Hassler, Deborah R.  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4750
    Location
    Kerguelen Islands
    DOI
    10.1575/1912/4750
    Keyword
     Igneous rocks; Metasomatism 
    Abstract
    This study is a geochemical investigation ofthe evolution of the Kerguelen plume, on the basis of upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths. Ultramafic xenoliths include harzburgites predominant, a lherzolite, dunites and pyroxenites, whereas lower crustal xenoliths are cumulate gabbros recrystallized under granulite facies conditions. On the basis of the whole rock major element characteristics and trace element abundance patterns in clinopyroxenes, the harzburgites were found to be residues of extensive melting at high pressures within the Kerguelen plume. These were then recrystallized at low pressures and metasomatized by plume generated melts. Details of the metasomatic process were determined from trace element variations in clinopyroxene in connection to texture. This demonstrated that meltrock reaction and the precipitation of new clinopyroxenes occurred by metasomatic carbonatitic melts. It was also found that some of the harzburgites had distinctly unradiogenic Os isotopic compositions and were identified as originating from the sub-Gondwanaland lithosphere. On the basis of major and trace element compositions, the granulite xenoliths were found to be originally gabbroic cumulates formed from plume-derived basaltic melts emplaced at the base of the crust by underplating and subsequently recrystallized isobarically under granulite conditions. The Sr, Nd and Os isotopic compositions of the peridotite and granulite xenoliths demonstrate that the Kerguelen plume is isotopically heterogeneous and displays a temporal progression toward more enriched Sr and Nd isotopic compositions from the Ninetyeast Ridge to granulite xenoliths to Kerguelen basalts and Heard Island basalts.
    Description
    Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution June 1999
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    • Geology and Geophysics (G&G)
    • WHOI Theses
    Suggested Citation
    Thesis: Hassler, Deborah R., "Plume-lithosphere interaction : geochemical evidence from upper mantle and lower crusal Xenoliths from the Kerguelen Islands", 1999-06, DOI:10.1575/1912/4750, https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4750
     

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