The fluid dynamics of swimming by jumping in copepods
Citable URI
https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4302As published
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0481Keyword
Copepod jump; Viscous vortex ring; Impulsive stresslet; Impulsive Stokeslet; Hydrodynamic camouflage; Non-dimensional ‘jump number’Abstract
Copepods swim either continuously by vibrating their feeding appendages or erratically
by repeatedly beating their swimming legs resulting in a series of small jumps. The two
swimming modes generate different hydrodynamic disturbances and therefore expose the
swimmers differently to rheotactic predators. We developed an impulsive stresslet model to
quantify the jump-imposed flow disturbance. The predicted flow consists of two counterrotating
viscous vortex rings of similar intensity, one in the wake and one around the body of
the copepod. We showed that the entire jumping flow is spatially limited and temporally
ephemeral owing to jump-impulsiveness and viscous decay. In contrast, continuous steady
swimming generates two well-extended long-lasting momentum jets both in front of and
behind the swimmer, as suggested by the well-known steady stresslet model. Based on the
observed jump-swimming kinematics of a small copepod Oithona davisae, we further
showed that jump-swimming produces a hydrodynamic disturbance with much smaller
spatial extension and shorter temporal duration than that produced by a same-size copepod
cruising steadily at the same average translating velocity. Hence, small copepods in jumpswimming
are much less detectable by rheotactic predators. The present impulsive stresslet
model improves a previously published impulsive Stokeslet model that applies only to the
wake vortex.
Description
Author Posting. © The Authors, 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Royal Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Royal Society Interface 8 (2011): 1090-1103, doi:10.1098/rsif.2010.0481.
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Suggested Citation
Preprint: Jiang, Houshuo, Kiørboe, Thomas, "The fluid dynamics of swimming by jumping in copepods", 2010-11-04, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0481, https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4302Related items
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