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    Modeling the impact of declining sea ice on the Arctic marine planktonic ecosystem

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    2009JC005387.pdf (4.037Mb)
    Date
    2010-10-08
    Author
    Zhang, Jinlun  Concept link
    Spitz, Yvette H.  Concept link
    Steele, Michael  Concept link
    Ashjian, Carin J.  Concept link
    Campbell, Robert G.  Concept link
    Berline, Leo  Concept link
    Matrai, Patricia  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4286
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005387
    DOI
    10.1029/2009JC005387
    Keyword
     Sea ice; Arctic marine ecosystem; Primary productivity 
    Abstract
    We have developed a coupled 3-D pan-Arctic biology/sea ice/ocean model to investigate the impact of declining Arctic sea ice on the marine planktonic ecosystem over 1988–2007. The biophysical model results agree with satellite observations of a generally downward trend in summer sea ice extent during 1988–2007, resulting in an increase in the simulated photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at the ocean surface and marine primary productivity (PP) in the upper 100 m over open water areas of the Arctic Ocean. The simulated Arctic sea ice thickness has decreased steadily during 1988–2007, leading to an increase in PAR and PP in sea ice-covered areas. The simulated total PAR in all areas of the Arctic Ocean has increased by 43%, from 146 TW in 1988 to 209 TW in 2007; the corresponding total PP has increased by 50%, from 456 Tg C yr−1 in 1988 to 682 Tg C yr−1 in 2007. The simulated PAR and PP increases mainly occur in the seasonally and permanently ice-covered Arctic Ocean. In addition to increasing PAR, the decline in sea ice tends to increase the nutrient availability in the euphotic zone by enhancing air-sea momentum transfer, leading to strengthened upwelling and mixing in the water column and therefore increased nutrient input into the upper ocean layers from below. The increasing nutrient availability also contributes to the increase in the simulated PP, even though significant surface nutrient drawdown in summer is simulated. In conjunction with increasing surface absorption of solar radiation and rising surface air temperature, the increasing surface water temperature in the Arctic Ocean peripheral seas further contributes to the increase in PP. As PP has increased, so has the simulated biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton.
    Description
    Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 115 (2010): C10015, doi:10.1029/2009JC005387.
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    • Biology
    Suggested Citation
    Journal of Geophysical Research 115 (2010): C10015
     

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