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    Mechanisms governing interannual variability of upper-ocean temperature in a global ocean hindcast simulation

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    jpo3089%2E1.pdf (3.511Mb)
    Date
    2007-07
    Author
    Doney, Scott C.  Concept link
    Yeager, Stephen G.  Concept link
    Danabasoglu, Gokhan  Concept link
    Large, William G.  Concept link
    McWilliams, James C.  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4151
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo3089.1
    DOI
    10.1175/jpo3089.1
    Keyword
     Temperature; Interannual variability; Advection; Heating; Air–sea interaction 
    Abstract
    The interannual variability in upper-ocean (0–400 m) temperature and governing mechanisms for the period 1968–97 are quantified from a global ocean hindcast simulation driven by atmospheric reanalysis and satellite data products. The unconstrained simulation exhibits considerable skill in replicating the observed interannual variability in vertically integrated heat content estimated from hydrographic data and monthly satellite sea surface temperature and sea surface height data. Globally, the most significant interannual variability modes arise from El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean zonal mode, with substantial extension beyond the Tropics into the midlatitudes. In the well-stratified Tropics and subtropics, net annual heat storage variability is driven predominately by the convergence of the advective heat transport, mostly reflecting velocity anomalies times the mean temperature field. Vertical velocity variability is caused by remote wind forcing, and subsurface temperature anomalies are governed mostly by isopycnal displacements (heave). The dynamics at mid- to high latitudes are qualitatively different and vary regionally. Interannual temperature variability is more coherent with depth because of deep winter mixing and variations in western boundary currents and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current that span the upper thermocline. Net annual heat storage variability is forced by a mixture of local air–sea heat fluxes and the convergence of the advective heat transport, the latter resulting from both velocity and temperature anomalies. Also, density-compensated temperature changes on isopycnal surfaces (spice) are quantitatively significant.
    Description
    Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physical Oceanography 37 (2007): 1918-1938, doi:10.1175/jpo3089.1.
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    • Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry (MC&G)
    Suggested Citation
    Journal of Physical Oceanography 37 (2007): 1918-1938
     

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