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    Abrupt transitions and hysteresis in thermohaline laboratory models

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    2008jpo4087%2E1.pdf (1.415Mb)
    Date
    2009-05
    Author
    Whitehead, John A.  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4003
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JPO4087.1
    DOI
    10.1175/2008JPO4087.1
    Keyword
     Thermohaline circulation; Experimental design; Ocean circulation; Temperature; Salinity 
    Abstract
    As a driving parameter is slowly altered, thermohaline ocean circulation models show either a smooth evolution of a mode of flow or an abrupt transition of temperature and salinity fields from one mode to another. An abrupt transition might occur at one value or over a range of the driving parameter. The latter has hysteresis because the mode in this range depends on the history of the driving parameter. Although assorted ocean circulation models exhibit abrupt transitions, such transitions have not been directly observed in the ocean. Therefore, laboratory experiments have been conducted to seek and observe actual (physical) abrupt thermohaline transitions. An experiment closely duplicating Stommel’s box model possessed abrupt transitions in temperature and salinity with distinct hysteresis. Two subsequent experiments with more latitude for internal circulation in the containers possessed abrupt transitions over a much smaller range of hysteresis. Therefore, a new experiment with even more latitude for internal circulation was designed and conducted. A large tank of constantly renewed freshwater at room temperature had a smaller cavity in the bottom heated from below with saltwater steadily pumped in. The cavity had either a salt mode, consisting of the cavity filled with heated salty water with an interface at the cavity top, or a temperature mode, in which the heat and saltwater were removed from the cavity by convection. There was no measurable hysteresis between the two modes. Possible reasons for such small hysteresis are discussed.
    Description
    Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Physical Oceanography 39 (2009): 1231-1243, doi:10.1175/2008JPO4087.1.
    Collections
    • Physical Oceanography (PO)
    Suggested Citation
    Article: Whitehead, John A., "Abrupt transitions and hysteresis in thermohaline laboratory models", Journal of Physical Oceanography 39 (2009): 1231-1243, DOI:10.1175/2008JPO4087.1, https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4003
     

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