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    Synthesis of iron fertilization experiments : from the Iron Age in the Age of Enlightenment

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    2004JC002601.pdf (2.511Mb)
    Date
    2005-09-28
    Author
    Baar, Hein J. W. de  Concept link
    Boyd, Philip W.  Concept link
    Coale, Kenneth H.  Concept link
    Landry, Michael R.  Concept link
    Tsuda, Atsushi  Concept link
    Assmy, Philipp  Concept link
    Bakker, Dorothee C. E.  Concept link
    Bozec, Yann  Concept link
    Barber, Richard T.  Concept link
    Brzezinski, Mark A.  Concept link
    Buesseler, Ken O.  Concept link
    Boye, Marie  Concept link
    Croot, Peter L.  Concept link
    Gervais, Frank  Concept link
    Gorbunov, Maxim Y.  Concept link
    Harrison, Paul J.  Concept link
    Hiscock, William T.  Concept link
    Laan, Patrick  Concept link
    Lancelot, Christiane  Concept link
    Law, Cliff S.  Concept link
    Levasseur, Maurice  Concept link
    Marchetti, Adrian  Concept link
    Millero, Frank J.  Concept link
    Nishioka, Jun  Concept link
    Nojiri, Yukihiro  Concept link
    van Oijen, Tim  Concept link
    Riebesell, Ulf  Concept link
    Rijkenberg, Micha J. A.  Concept link
    Saito, Hiroaki  Concept link
    Takeda, Shigenobu  Concept link
    Timmermans, Klaas R.  Concept link
    Veldhuis, Marcel J. W.  Concept link
    Waite, Anya M.  Concept link
    Wong, Chi-Shing  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3541
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002601
    DOI
    10.1029/2004JC002601
    Keyword
     Iron; Fertilization; Phytoplankton 
    Abstract
    Comparison of eight iron experiments shows that maximum Chl a, the maximum DIC removal, and the overall DIC/Fe efficiency all scale inversely with depth of the wind mixed layer (WML) defining the light environment. Moreover, lateral patch dilution, sea surface irradiance, temperature, and grazing play additional roles. The Southern Ocean experiments were most influenced by very deep WMLs. In contrast, light conditions were most favorable during SEEDS and SERIES as well as during IronEx-2. The two extreme experiments, EisenEx and SEEDS, can be linked via EisenEx bottle incubations with shallower simulated WML depth. Large diatoms always benefit the most from Fe addition, where a remarkably small group of thriving diatom species is dominated by universal response of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. Significant response of these moderate (10–30 μm), medium (30–60 μm), and large (>60 μm) diatoms is consistent with growth physiology determined for single species in natural seawater. The minimum level of “dissolved” Fe (filtrate < 0.2 μm) maintained during an experiment determines the dominant diatom size class. However, this is further complicated by continuous transfer of original truly dissolved reduced Fe(II) into the colloidal pool, which may constitute some 75% of the “dissolved” pool. Depth integration of carbon inventory changes partly compensates the adverse effects of a deep WML due to its greater integration depths, decreasing the differences in responses between the eight experiments. About half of depth-integrated overall primary productivity is reflected in a decrease of DIC. The overall C/Fe efficiency of DIC uptake is DIC/Fe ∼ 5600 for all eight experiments. The increase of particulate organic carbon is about a quarter of the primary production, suggesting food web losses for the other three quarters. Replenishment of DIC by air/sea exchange tends to be a minor few percent of primary CO2 fixation but will continue well after observations have stopped. Export of carbon into deeper waters is difficult to assess and is until now firmly proven and quite modest in only two experiments.
    Description
    Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (2005): C09S16, doi:10.1029/2004JC002601.
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    • Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry (MC&G)
    Suggested Citation
    Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (2005): C09S16
     

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