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    Geochemistry and mineralogy of the phonolite lava lake, Erebus volcano, Antarctica: 1972–2004 and comparison with older lavas

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    Erebus_Oct 14_2007_final_text_combined.pdf (4.195Mb)
    Date
    2007-10-14
    Author
    Kelly, Peter J.  Concept link
    Kyle, Philip R.  Concept link
    Dunbar, Nelia W.  Concept link
    Sims, Kenneth W. W.  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2702
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.11.025
    Keyword
     Erebus volcano; Phonolite; Lava bombs; Mineralogy; Geochemistry; Antarctica 
    Abstract
    Mount Erebus, Antarctica, is a large (3794 m) alkaline open-conduit stratovolcano that hosts a vigorously convecting and persistently degassing lake of anorthoclase phonolite magma. The composition of the lake was investigated by analyzing glass and mineral compositions in lava bombs erupted between 1972 and 2004. Matrix glass, titanomagnetite, olivine, clinopyroxene, and fluor-apatite compositions are invariant and show that the magmatic temperature (~1000°C) and oxygen fugacity (ΔlogFMQ = -0.9) have been stable. Large temperature variations at the lake surface (ca. 400 - 500°C) are not reflected in mineral compositions. Anorthoclase phenocrysts up to 10 cm in length feature a restricted compositional range (An10.3-22.9Ab62.8-68.1Or11.4-27.2) with complex textural and compositional zoning. Anorthoclase textures and compositions indicate crystallization occurs at low degrees of effective undercooling. We propose shallow water exsolution causes crystallization to occur and shallow convection repeats this process multiple times, yielding extremely large anorthoclase crystals. Minor variations in eruptive activity from 1972 to 2004 are decoupled from magma compositions. The variations probably relate to changes in conduit geometry within the volcano and/or variable input of CO2-rich volatiles into the upper-level magma chamber from deeper in the system. Eleven bulk samples of phonolite lava from the summit plateau that range in age from 0 ± 4 ka to 17 ± 8 ka were analyzed for major and trace elements. Small compositional variations are controlled by anorthoclase content. The lavas are indistinguishable from modern bulk lava bomb compositions and demonstrate that Erebus volcano has been erupting lava and tephra from the summit region with the same bulk composition for ~17 ka.
    Description
    Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 177 (2008): 589-605, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.11.025.
    Collections
    • Geology and Geophysics (G&G)
    Suggested Citation
    Preprint: Kelly, Peter J., Kyle, Philip R., Dunbar, Nelia W., Sims, Kenneth W. W., "Geochemistry and mineralogy of the phonolite lava lake, Erebus volcano, Antarctica: 1972–2004 and comparison with older lavas", 2007-10-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.11.025, https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2702
     

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