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    Isotope tracing of submarine groundwater discharge offshore Ubatuba, Brazil : results of the IAEA–UNESCO SGD project

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    povinec et al -JER-revised.pdf (693.0Kb)
    Date
    2008-06-12
    Author
    Povinec, Pavel P.  Concept link
    Bokuniewicz, Henry J.  Concept link
    Burnett, William C.  Concept link
    Cable, J.  Concept link
    Charette, Matthew A.  Concept link
    Comanducci, J.-F.  Concept link
    Konta, E. A.  Concept link
    Moore, Willard S.  Concept link
    Oberdorfer, J. A.  Concept link
    de Oliveira, J.  Concept link
    Peterson, R.  Concept link
    Stieglitz, T.  Concept link
    Taniguchi, M.  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2593
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.06.010
    Keyword
     Submarine groundwater discharge; Groundwater; Seawater; Stable isotopes; δD; δ18O; Tritium; Radium isotopes; Radon; Coastal zone; Ubatuba; Brazil 
    Abstract
    Results of groundwater and seawater analyses for radioactive (3H, 222Rn, 223Ra, 224Ra, 226Ra, 228Ra) and stable (2H, 18O) isotopes are presented together with in situ spatial mapping and time-series 222Rn measurements in seawater, direct seepage measurements using manual and automated seepage meters, pore water investigations using different tracers and piezometric techniques, and geoelectric surveys probing the coast. This study represents first time that such a new complex arsenal of radioactive and non-radioactive tracer techniques and geophysical methods have been used for simultaneous submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) investigations. Large fluctuations of SGD fluxes were observed at sites situated only a few meters apart (from 0 cm d-1 to 360 cm d-1; the unit represents cm3/cm2/day), as well as during a few hours (from 0 cm d-1 to 110 cm d-1), strongly depending on the tidal fluctuations. The average SGD flux estimated from continuous 222Rn measurements is 17±10 cm d-1. Integrated coastal SGD flux estimated for the Ubatuba coast using radium isotopes is about 7x103 m3 d-1 per km of the coast. The isotopic composition (δ2H and δ18O) of submarine waters was characterised by significant variability and heavy isotope enrichment, indicating that the contribution of groundwater in submarine waters varied from a small percentage to 20%. However, this contribution with increasing offshore distance became negligible. Automated seepage meters and time-series measurements of 222Rn activity concentration showed a negative correlation between the SGD rates and tidal stage. This is likely caused by sea level changes as tidal effects induce variations of hydraulic gradients. The geoelectric probing and piezometric measurements contributed to better understanding of the spatial distribution of different water masses present along the coast. The radium isotope data showed scattered distributions with offshore distance, which imply that seawater in a complex coast with many small bays and islands was influenced by local currents and groundwater/seawater mixing. This has also been confirmed by a relatively short residence time of 1-2 weeks for water within 25 km offshore, as obtained by short-lived radium isotopes. The irregular distribution of SGD seen at Ubatuba is a characteristic of fractured rock aquifers, fed by coastal groundwater and recirculated seawater with small admixtures of groundwater, which is of potential environmental concern and has implications on the management of freshwater resources in the region.
    Description
    Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 99 (2008): 1596-1610, doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.06.010.
    Collections
    • Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry (MC&G)
    Suggested Citation
    Preprint: Povinec, Pavel P., Bokuniewicz, Henry J., Burnett, William C., Cable, J., Charette, Matthew A., Comanducci, J.-F., Konta, E. A., Moore, Willard S., Oberdorfer, J. A., de Oliveira, J., Peterson, R., Stieglitz, T., Taniguchi, M., "Isotope tracing of submarine groundwater discharge offshore Ubatuba, Brazil : results of the IAEA–UNESCO SGD project", 2008-06-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.06.010, https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2593
     

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