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    Seismic and numerical constraints on the formation and evolution of oceanic lithosphere

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    Mark_Thesis (17.62Mb)
    Date
    2019-09
    Author
    Mark, Hannah F.  Concept link
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/25091
    DOI
    10.1575/1912/25091
    Abstract
    This thesis explicates aspects of the basic structure of oceanic lithosphere that are shaped by the processes that form the lithosphere. The strength of lithospheric plates relative to the underlying mantle enables the surface plate motions and plate boundary processes that characterize plate tectonics on Earth. Surprisingly, we have a relatively poor understanding of the physical mechanisms that make the lithosphere strong relative to the asthenosphere, and we lack a reference model for ordinary lithospheric structure that can serve as a baseline for comparing geophysical observations across locations. Chapters 2 and 3 of this thesis investigate the seismic structure of a portion of the Pacific plate where the simple tectonic history of the plate suggests that its structure can be used as a reference model for oceanic lithosphere. We present measurements of shallow azimuthal seismic anisotropy, and of a seismic discontinuity in the upper mantle, that reflect the effects of shear deformation and melting processes involved in the formation of the lithosphere at mid-ocean ridges. Chapter 4 uses numerical models to explore factors controlling fault slip behavior on normal faults that accommodate tectonic extension during plate formation.
    Description
    Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Geophysics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2019.
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    • Geology and Geophysics (G&G)
    • WHOI Theses
    Suggested Citation
    Thesis: Mark, Hannah F., "Seismic and numerical constraints on the formation and evolution of oceanic lithosphere", 2019-09, DOI:10.1575/1912/25091, https://hdl.handle.net/1912/25091
     

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