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    Effects of locally generated wind waves on the momentum budget and subtidal exchange in a coastal plain estuary

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    Article (3.511Mb)
    Date
    2019-01-28
    Author
    Pareja‐Roman, L. Fernando  Concept link
    Chant, Robert J.  Concept link
    Ralston, David K.  Concept link
    Metadata
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    Citable URI
    https://hdl.handle.net/1912/24010
    As published
    https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014585
    DOI
    10.1029/2018JC014585
    Keyword
     bathymetry; vortex forces; subtidal exchange; wind waves; surface drag 
    Abstract
    A numerical model with a vortex force formalism is used to study the role of wind waves in the momentum budget and subtidal exchange of a shallow coastal plain estuary, Delaware Bay. Wave height and age in the bay have a spatial distribution that is controlled by bathymetry and fetch, with implications for the surface drag coefficient in young, underdeveloped seas. Inclusion of waves in the model leads to increases in the surface drag coefficient by up to 30% with respect to parameterizations in which surface drag is only a function of wind speed, in agreement with recent observations of air‐sea fluxes in estuaries. The model was modified to prevent whitecapping wave dissipation from generating breaking forces since that contribution is integrally equivalent to the wind stress. The proposed adjustment is consistent with previous studies of wave‐induced nearshore currents and with additional parameterizations for breaking forces in the model. The mean momentum balance during a simulated wind event was mainly between the pressure gradient force and surface stress, with negligible contributions by vortex, wave breaking (i.e., depth‐induced), and Stokes‐Coriolis forces. Modeled scenarios with realistic Delaware bathymetry suggest that the subtidal bay‐ocean exchange at storm time scales is sensitive to wave‐induced surface drag coefficient, wind direction, and mass transport due to the Stokes drift. Results herein are applicable to shallow coastal systems where the typical wave field is young (i.e., wind seas) and modulated by bathymetry.
    Description
    Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 124(2), (2019):1005-1028, doi:10.1029/2018JC014585.
    Collections
    • Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering (AOP&E)
    Suggested Citation
    Pareja-Roman, L. F., Chant, R. J., & Ralston, D. K. (2019). Effects of locally generated wind waves on the momentum budget and subtidal exchange in a coastal plain estuary. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 124(2), 1005-1028.
     

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