The Neuroscience Institute continues a long and rich tradition of neuroscience at the Marine Biological Laboratory. It was here that Nobelist H. Keffer Hartline and Stephen Kuffler performed their groundbreaking studies of single nerve fibers that revealed the receptive field organization of retinal neurons. It was also here that LW Williams (1910) and later JZ Young (1932) discovered the squid giant axon on which KC Cole (1937) then made the first measurements of the resistance changes underlying the nervous impulse.