Argo data 1999-2019: two million temperature-salinity profiles and subsurface velocity observations from a global array of profiling floats.

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Date
2020-09-15
Authors
Wong, Annie P. S.
 Wijffels, Susan E.
 Riser, Stephen C.
 Pouliquen, Sylvie
 Hosoda, Shigeki
 Roemmich, Dean
 Gilson, John
 Johnson, Gregory C.
 Martini, Kim I.
 Murphy, David J.
 Scanderbeg, Megan
 Udaya Bhaskar, T. V. S.
 Buck, Justin J. H.
 Merceur, Frederic
 Carval, Thierry
 Maze, Guillaume
 Cabanes, Cécile
 André, Xavier
 Poffa, Noé
 Yashayaev, Igor
 Barker, Paul M.
 Guinehut, Stéphanie
 Belbeoch, Mathieu
 Ignaszewski, Mark
 Baringer, Molly O.
 Schmid, Claudia
 Lyman, John
 McTaggart, Kristene E.
 Purkey, Sarah G.
 Zilberman, Nathalie
 Alkire, Matthew
 Swift, Dana
 Owens, W. Brechner
 Jayne, Steven R.
 Hersh, Cora
 Robbins, Pelle E.
 West-Mack, Deb
 Bahr, Frank B.
 Yoshida, Sachiko
 Sutton, Philip J. H.
 Cancouët, Romain
 Coatanoan, Christine
 Dobbler, Delphine
 Garcia Juan, Andrea
 Gourrion, Jérôme
 Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas
 Bernard, Vincent
 Bourlès, Bernard
 Claustre, Hervé
 d’Ortenzio, Fabrizio
 Le Reste, Serge
 Le Traon, Pierre-Yves
 Rannou, Jean-Philippe
 Saout-Grit, Carole
 Speich, Sabrina
 Thierry, Virginie
 Verbrugge, Nathalie
 Angel-Benavides, Ingrid M.
 Klein, Birgit
 Notarstefano, Giulio
 Poulain, Pierre Marie
 Vélez-Belchí, Pedro
 Suga, Toshio
 Ando, Kentaro
 Iwasaska, Naoto
 Kobayashi, Taiyo
 Masuda, Shuhei
 Oka, Eitarou
 Sato, Kanako
 Nakamura, Tomoaki
 Sato, Katsunari
 Takatsuki, Yasushi
 Yoshida, Takashi
 Cowley, Rebecca
 Lovell, Jenny L.
 Oke, Peter
 van Wijk, Esmee
 Carse, Fiona
 Donnelly, Matthew
 Gould, W. John
 Gowers, Katie
 King, Brian A.
 Loch, Stephen G.
 Mowat, Mary
 Turton, Jon
 Pattabhi Rama Rao, Eluri
 Ravichandran, M.
 Freeland, Howard
 Gaboury, Isabelle
 Gilbert, Denis
 Greenan, Blair J. W.
 Ouellet, Mathieu
 Ross, Tetjana
 Tran, Anh
 Dong, Mingmei
 Liu, Zenghong
 Xu, Jianping
 Kang, KiRyong
 Jo, HyeongJun
 Kim, Sung-Dae
 Park, Hyuk-Min
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Person
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fmars-07-00700.pdf (12.6 MB)
Alternative Title
Citable URI
https://hdl.handle.net/1912/26353
As Published
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00700
Date Created
Location
DOI
10.3389/fmars.2020.00700
Replaced By
Keywords
global
 ocean
 pressure
 temperature
 salinity
 Argo
 profiling
 floats
Abstract
In the past two decades, the Argo Program has collected, processed, and distributed over two million vertical profiles of temperature and salinity from the upper two kilometers of the global ocean. A similar number of subsurface velocity observations near 1,000 dbar have also been collected. This paper recounts the history of the global Argo Program, from its aspiration arising out of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, to the development and implementation of its instrumentation and telecommunication systems, and the various technical problems encountered. We describe the Argo data system and its quality control procedures, and the gradual changes in the vertical resolution and spatial coverage of Argo data from 1999 to 2019. The accuracies of the float data have been assessed by comparison with high-quality shipboard measurements, and are concluded to be 0.002°C for temperature, 2.4 dbar for pressure, and 0.01 PSS-78 for salinity, after delayed-mode adjustments. Finally, the challenges faced by the vision of an expanding Argo Program beyond 2020 are discussed.
Description
© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Wong, A. P. S., Wijffels, S. E., Riser, S. C., Pouliquen, S., Hosoda, S., Roemmich, D., Gilson, J., Johnson, G. C., Martini, K., Murphy, D. J., Scanderbeg, M., Bhaskar, T. V. S. U., Buck, J. J. H., Merceur, F., Carval, T., Maze, G., Cabanes, C., Andre, X., Poffa, N., Yashayaev, I., Barker, P. M., Guinehut, S., Belbeoch, M., Ignaszewski, M., Baringer, M. O., Schmid, C., Lyman, J. M., McTaggart, K. E., Purkey, S. G., Zilberman, N., Alkire, M. B., Swift, D., Owens, W. B., Jayne, S. R., Hersh, C., Robbins, P., West-Mack, D., Bahr, F., Yoshida, S., Sutton, P. J. H., Cancouet, R., Coatanoan, C., Dobbler, D., Juan, A. G., Gourrion, J., Kolodziejczyk, N., Bernard, V., Bourles, B., Claustre, H., D'Ortenzio, F., Le Reste, S., Le Traon, P., Rannou, J., Saout-Grit, C., Speich, S., Thierry, V., Verbrugge, N., Angel-Benavides, I. M., Klein, B., Notarstefano, G., Poulain, P., Velez-Belchi, P., Suga, T., Ando, K., Iwasaska, N., Kobayashi, T., Masuda, S., Oka, E., Sato, K., Nakamura, T., Sato, K., Takatsuki, Y., Yoshida, T., Cowley, R., Lovell, J. L., Oke, P. R., van Wijk, E. M., Carse, F., Donnelly, M., Gould, W. J., Gowers, K., King, B. A., Loch, S. G., Mowat, M., Turton, J., Rama Rao, E. P., Ravichandran, M., Freeland, H. J., Gaboury, I., Gilbert, D., Greenan, B. J. W., Ouellet, M., Ross, T., Tran, A., Dong, M., Liu, Z., Xu, J., Kang, K., Jo, H., Kim, S., & Park, H. Argo data 1999-2019: two million temperature-salinity profiles and subsurface velocity observations from a global array of profiling floats. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, (2020): 700, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00700.
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Citation
Wong, A. P. S., Wijffels, S. E., Riser, S. C., Pouliquen, S., Hosoda, S., Roemmich, D., Gilson, J., Johnson, G. C., Martini, K., Murphy, D. J., Scanderbeg, M., Bhaskar, T. V. S. U., Buck, J. J. H., Merceur, F., Carval, T., Maze, G., Cabanes, C., Andre, X., Poffa, N., Yashayaev, I., Barker, P. M., Guinehut, S., Belbeoch, M., Ignaszewski, M., Baringer, M. O., Schmid, C., Lyman, J. M., McTaggart, K. E., Purkey, S. G., Zilberman, N., Alkire, M. B., Swift, D., Owens, W. B., Jayne, S. R., Hersh, C., Robbins, P., West-Mack, D., Bahr, F., Yoshida, S., Sutton, P. J. H., Cancouet, R., Coatanoan, C., Dobbler, D., Juan, A. G., Gourrion, J., Kolodziejczyk, N., Bernard, V., Bourles, B., Claustre, H., D'Ortenzio, F., Le Reste, S., Le Traon, P., Rannou, J., Saout-Grit, C., Speich, S., Thierry, V., Verbrugge, N., Angel-Benavides, I. M., Klein, B., Notarstefano, G., Poulain, P., Velez-Belchi, P., Suga, T., Ando, K., Iwasaska, N., Kobayashi, T., Masuda, S., Oka, E., Sato, K., Nakamura, T., Sato, K., Takatsuki, Y., Yoshida, T., Cowley, R., Lovell, J. L., Oke, P. R., van Wijk, E. M., Carse, F., Donnelly, M., Gould, W. J., Gowers, K., King, B. A., Loch, S. G., Mowat, M., Turton, J., Rama Rao, E. P., Ravichandran, M., Freeland, H. J., Gaboury, I., Gilbert, D., Greenan, B. J. W., Ouellet, M., Ross, T., Tran, A., Dong, M., Liu, Z., Xu, J., Kang, K., Jo, H., Kim, S., & Park, H. (2020). Argo data 1999-2019: two million temperature-salinity profiles and subsurface velocity observations from a global array of profiling floats. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 700.
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