Limeburner Richard

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Process modeling studies of physical mechanisms of the formation of an anticyclonic eddy in the central Red Sea

(John Wiley & Sons, 2014-02-25) Chen, Changsheng ; Li, Ruixiang ; Pratt, Lawrence J. ; Limeburner, Richard ; Beardsley, Robert C. ; Bower, Amy S. ; Jiang, Houshuo ; Abualnaja, Yasser ; Xu, Qichun ; Lin, Huichan ; Liu, Xuehai ; Lan, Jian ; Kim, Taewan

Surface drifters released in the central Red Sea during April 2010 detected a well-defined anticyclonic eddy around 23°N. This eddy was ∼45–60 km in radius, with a swirl speed up to ∼0.5 m/s. The eddy feature was also evident in monthly averaged sea surface height fields and in current profiles measured on a cross-isobath, shipboard CTD/ADCP survey around that region. The unstructured-grid, Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) was configured for the Red Sea and process studies were conducted to establish the conditions necessary for the eddy to form and to establish its robustness. The model was capable of reproducing the observed anticyclonic eddy with the same location and size. Diagnosis of model results suggests that the eddy can be formed in a Red Sea that is subject to seasonally varying buoyancy forcing, with no wind, but that its location and structure are significantly altered by wind forcing, initial distribution of water stratification and southward coastal flow from the upstream area. Momentum analysis indicates that the flow field of the eddy was in geostrophic balance, with the baroclinic pressure gradient forcing about the same order of magnitude as the surface pressure gradient forcing.
The dynamics of weather-band sea level variations in the Red Sea

(Elsevier, 2018-09-27) Churchill, James H. ; Abualnaja, Yasser ; Limeburner, Richard ; Nellayaputhenpeedika, Mohammedali

The variations of sea level over the Red Sea may be divided into three broad categories: tidal, seasonal and weather-band. Our study employs a variety of in situ and satellite-derived data in the first comprehensive examination of the Red Sea water level variations in the weather-band (covering periods of 4–30 days). In the central Red Sea, the range of the weather-band sea level signal is of order 0.7 m, which exceeds the tidal and seasonal sea level ranges. From EOF and correlation analysis, we find that a large fraction of the weather-band sea level variation is due to a single mode of motion that extends over the entire Red Sea. In this mode, the water level rises and falls in unison with an amplitude that declines going southward over the southern Red Sea. The temporal signal of this mode is highly correlated with the along-axis surface wind stress over the southern Red Sea, and is closely reproduced by a simple one-dimensional barotropic model with forcing by the along-axis wind stress. Although this model does not account for the full suite of dynamics affecting weather-band sea level variations in the Red Sea, it may serve as a useful predictive tool. Sea level changes associated with the development and movement of sub-mesoscale features (e.g., eddies and boundary currents) are also shown to contribute to weather-band sea level motions in the Red Sea.
Hydrographic station data obtained in the East China Sea, August 1981

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1982-08) Limeburner, Richard ; Beardsley, Robert C.

A hydrographic survey was made on August 1-16, 1981 on the People's Republic of China R/V Shijian to measure the regional hydrographic structure in the East China Sea near the mouth of the Chang Jiang (Yangtze) River. The objectives of the hydrographic program were to document the spatial structure of the Chang Jiang discharge over the continental shelf and characterize the river's influence on the shelf water masses during a period of maximum river discharge. A summary of the hydrographic observations made during Cruise ECS81-1 on the R/V Shijian is presented in graphic form.
CTD observations in the Great South Channel during the South Channel Ocean Productivity Experiment, SCOPEX, May-June 1989

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1989-11) Limeburner, Richard ; Beardsley, Robert C.

CTD and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) observations were made in the Great South Channel (GSC) off the New England coast during R/V Endeavor cruise EN196 May 18 to June 12, 1989 as part of the South Channel Ocean Productivity EXperiment (SCOPEX). These observations were obtained using several sampling plans - a series of small-scale surveys in support of biological sampling and a large-scale survey of five cross-channel transects extending from Nantucket Shoals and the coast of Cape Cod to Georges Bank. The maximum sampling depth at each station was within a few meters of the bottom. The primary objectives of the hydrographic measurement program were to a) observe and characterize the temperature, salinity, density, oxygen, fluorescence and light transmission fields and their spatial variability in the Great South Channel off the New England coast, (b) resolve the low salinity surface plume-like structure usually observed east of Cape Cod in late spring, (c) define the front or boundary between the vertically well-mixed water over Nantucket Shoals, the GSC, Georges Bank, and the stratified water in the deeper southwestern Gulf of Maine, and (d) characterize water properties in regions of enhanced biological productivity. This report presents a summary in graphic and tabular form of the hydrographic observations made during cruise EN196 on the R/V Endeavor.
The 1995 Georges Bank Stratification Study and moored array measurements

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2001-08) Alessi, Carol A. ; Beardsley, Robert C. ; Caruso, Michael J. ; Churchill, James H. ; Irish, James D. ; Lentz, Steven J. ; Limeburner, Richard ; Werner, R. ; Weller, Robert A. ; Williams, Albert J. ; Williams, William J. ; Manning, James P. ; Smith, P.

The 1995 Geoges Bank Stratification Study (GBSS) was the first intensive process study conducted as part of the U.S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank field program. The GBSS was designed to investigate the physical processes which control the seasonal development of stratification along the southern flank of Georges Bank during spring and summer. Past work suggested that during this period, larval cod and haddock tended to aggregate to the thermocline on the southern flank where higher concentrations of their copepod prey were found. A moored array was deployed as part of GBSS to observe the onset and evolution of sesonal stratification over the southern flank with sufficient vertical and horizontal resolution that key physical processes could be identified and quantified. Moored current, temperature, and conductivity (salinity) measurements were made at three sites along the southern flank, one on the crest, and one on the northeast peak of the bank. Moored surface meteorological measurements were also made at one southern flank site to determine the surface wind stress and heat and moisture fluxes. The oceanographic and meteorological data collected with the GBSS array during January-August 1995 are presented in this report. Meteorological data collected on National Data Buoy Center environmental buoys 44011 (Georges Bank), 44008 (Nantucket Shoals), and 44005 (Gulf of Maine) are included in this report for completeness and comparison with the GBSS southern flank meteorological measurements.
Hydrographic station data obtained in the vicinity of Georges Bank, May and August, 1976

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1978-08) Limeburner, Richard ; Vermersch, John A. ; Beardsley, Robert C.

Two extended cruises were made during May and August, 1976, to measure the regional hydrographic structure in the vicinity of Georges Bank on the New England Continental Shelf. A summary of the hydrographic observations made during Cruise E2B76 on the R/V Eastward and leg 3 of Cruise 13 on the R/V Oceanus are presented in graphic form.
Winter marine atmospheric conditions over the Japan Sea

(American Geophysical Union, 2004-12-08) Dorman, Clive E. ; Beardsley, Robert C. ; Dashko, N. A. ; Friehe, C. A. ; Kheilf, D. ; Cho, K. ; Limeburner, Richard ; Varlamov, S. M.

Four basic types of synoptic-scale conditions describe the atmospheric structure and variability observed over the Japan Sea during the 1999/2000 winter season: (1) flow of cold Asian air from the northwest, (2) an outbreak of very cold Siberian air from the north and northeast, (3) passage of a weak cyclone over the southern Japan Sea with a cold air outbreak on the backside of the low, and (4) passage of a moderate cyclone along the northwestern side of the Japan Sea. In winter, the Russian coastal mountains and a surface-air temperature inversion typically block cold surface continental air from the Japan Sea. Instead, the adiabatic warming of coastal mountain lee-side air results in small air-sea temperature differences. Occasional outbreaks of very cold Siberian air eliminate the continental surface-based inversion and stability, allowing very cold air to push out over the Japan Sea for 1–3 days. During these outbreaks, the 0°C surface air isotherm extends well southward of 40°N, the surface heat losses in the center of the Japan Sea can exceed 600 W m−2, and sheet clouds cover most of the Japan Sea, with individual roll clouds extending from near the Russian coast to Honshu. During December through February, 1991–2002, these strong cold-air outbreak conditions occur 39% of the time and contribute 43% of the net heat loss from the Japan Sea. The average number of strong cold-air events per winter (November–March) season is 13 (ranging from 5 to 19); the 1999/2000 winter season covered in our measurements was normal.
Drifter track data from drifters deployed on multiple R/V Endeavor, Albatross IV, Oceanus, Delaware, Cape Hatteras, Parizeau, and CCGS Cygnus cruises in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank from 1995-1999 (GLOBEC)

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-02-01) Limeburner, Richard

Drifter track data from drifters deployed on multiple R/V Endeavor, Albatross IV, Oceanus, Delaware, Cape Hatteras, Parizeau, and CCGS Cygnus cruises in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank from 1995-1999. Satellite-tracked drifters with holey sock drogues centered at 10, 15 and 40-m depths were deployed over Georges Bank during 1995-99 in support of the U.S. GLOBEC/Georges Bank Program. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3660
Data collected daily along the ship track in JGOFS format from ARSV Laurence M. Gould and RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruises to the Southern Ocean from 2001-2003 as part of the Southern Ocean GLOBEC project.

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2020-03-27) Beardsley, Robert C ; Costa, Daniel P. ; Limeburner, Richard ; Torres, Joseph J. ; Wiebe, Peter H.

Data collected daily along the ship track in JGOFS format from ARSV Laurence M. Gould and RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruises to the Southern Ocean from 2001-2003 as part of the Southern Ocean GLOBEC project For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2345
Surface meteorological data from Dismal Island off the Antarctic Peninsula from the Autonomous Weather station from 2001-2003 (SOGLOBEC project)

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-02-28) Beardsley, Robert C ; Limeburner, Richard

Surface meteorological data from Dismal Island off the Antarctic Peninsula from the Autonomous Weather station from 2001-2003 (SOGLOBEC project) For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2346
CTD data from R/V Oceanus cruise OC333 to Georges Bank in November, 1998 as part of the U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank project (GB project)

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-03-13) Limeburner, Richard

CTD data from R/V Oceanus cruise OC333 to Georges Bank in November, 1998 as part of the U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank project For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2404
Surface meteorological data from Kirkwood Island off the Antarctic Peninsula from the Autonomous Weather station from 2001-2003 (SOGLOBEC project)

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-02-28) Beardsley, Robert C ; Limeburner, Richard

Surface meteorological data from Kirkwood Island off the Antarctic Peninsula from the Autonomous Weather station from 2001-2003 (SOGLOBEC project) For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2347
CTD data from the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank on the R/V Columbus Iselin and R/V Endeavor, 1994-1995, as part of the US GLOBEC Georges Bank Process Study

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-01-30) Limeburner, Richard

CTD data from the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank on the R/V Columbus Iselin and R/V Endeavor, 1994-1995, as part of the US GLOBEC Georges Bank Process Study. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2303
Data collected daily along the ship track in JGOFS format from ARSV Laurence M. Gould and RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruises to the Southern Ocean from 2001-2003 as part of the Southern Ocean GLOBEC project.

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-02-28) Beardsley, Robert C ; Costa, Daniel P. ; Limeburner, Richard ; Torres, Joseph J. ; Wiebe, Peter H.

Data collected daily along the ship track in JGOFS format from ARSV Laurence M. Gould and RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruises to the Southern Ocean from 2001-2003 as part of the Southern Ocean GLOBEC project For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2345
Raw drifter data from RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer and ARSV Laurence M. Gould cruises NBP0103, LMG0103, LMG0201A, and NBP0202 in the Southern Ocean from 2001-2002 (SOGLOBEC project)

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2018-12-17) Limeburner, Richard

The following was extracted from the Cruise Report of the N.B. Palmer Cruise 01-03: 2.0 Drifter Measurements (Bob Beardsley and Dick Limeburner) Surface drifters are being deployed and tracked via satellite to study the near surface Lagrangian currents in the SO GLOBEC study area on the western Antarctic Peninsula Shelf. Each drifter has a small (~ 30 cm diameter) surface float with ARGOS transmitter and batteries tethered to a holey sock drogue centered at 15 m below the surface. The drogue, about 10 m tall and 1 m in diameter, is designed to "lock" itself to the water so that the surface float follows the mean water motion at 15 m depth with very little slippage even in high winds. Thus measuring the drifter's position as a function of time provides a Lagrangian measurement of the 15-m ocean current. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2365
Mooring data from the Eastern Flank Mooring (EF) on Georges Bank from 1998-1999 as part of the U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank project (GB project)

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-08-06) Limeburner, Richard

Mooring data from the Eastern Flank Mooring (EF) on Georges Bank from 1998-1999 as part of the U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank project (GB project) For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2408
Initial drifter deployment positions from R/V Endeavor, R/V Albatross IV, R/V Oceanus, R/V Delaware, R/V Cape Hatteras, CCGS Cygnus, and R/V Parizeau in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank from 1995-1999

(Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu, 2019-02-18) Limeburner, Richard

Initial positions of drifters deployed from 1995 to 1999 in support of the U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank program. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2305
Eulerian and Lagrangian correspondence of high-frequency radar and surface drifter data : effects of radar resolution and flow components

(American Meteorological Society, 2014-04) Rypina, Irina I. ; Kirincich, Anthony R. ; Limeburner, Richard ; Udovydchenkov, Ilya A.

This study investigated the correspondence between the near-surface drifters from a mass drifter deployment near Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, and the surface current observations from a network of three high-resolution, high-frequency radars to understand the effects of the radar temporal and spatial resolution on the resulting Eulerian current velocities and Lagrangian trajectories and their predictability. The radar-based surface currents were found to be unbiased in direction but biased in magnitude with respect to drifter velocities. The radar systematically underestimated velocities by approximately 2 cm s−1 due to the smoothing effects of spatial and temporal averaging. The radar accuracy, quantified by the domain-averaged rms difference between instantaneous radar and drifter velocities, was found to be about 3.8 cm s−1. A Lagrangian comparison between the real and simulated drifters resulted in the separation distances of roughly 1 km over the course of 10 h, or an equivalent separation speed of approximately 2.8 cm s−1. The effects of the temporal and spatial radar resolution were examined by degrading the radar fields to coarser resolutions, revealing the existence of critical scales (1.5–2 km and 3 h) beyond which the ability of the radar to reproduce drifter trajectories decreased more rapidly. Finally, the importance of the different flow components present during the experiment—mean, tidal, locally wind-driven currents, and the residual velocities—was analyzed, finding that, during the study period, a combination of tidal, locally wind-driven, and mean currents were insufficient to reliably reproduce, with minimal degradation, the trajectories of real drifters. Instead, a minimum combination of the tidal and residual currents was required.
Tidal dynamics in the Gulf of Maine and New England Shelf : an application of FVCOM

(American Geophysical Union, 2011-12-10) Chen, Changsheng ; Huang, Haosheng ; Beardsley, Robert C. ; Xu, Qichun ; Limeburner, Richard ; Cowles, Geoffrey W. ; Sun, Yunfang ; Qi, Jianhua ; Lin, Huichan

The unstructured-grid, Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) was used to simulate the tides in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) and New England Shelf (NES) for homogeneous and summer stratified conditions. FVCOM captures the near-resonant nature of the semidiurnal tide and energy flux in the GoM and the complex dynamics governing the tide in the NES. Stratification has limited impact on tidal elevation, but can significantly modify the tidal current profile. Internal tides are energetic in the stratified regions over steep bottom topography, but their contribution to the total tidal energy flux is only significant over the northeast flank of Georges Bank. The model suggests that the tidal flushing-induced eddy east of Monomoy Island is the dynamic basis for the locally observed phase lead of the M2 tide. The southward propagating tidal wave east of Cape Cod encounters the northeastward propagating tidal wave from the NES south of Nantucket Island, forming a zone of minimum sea level along a southeast-oriented line from Nantucket Island. These two waves are characterized by linear dynamics in which bottom friction and advection are negligible in the momentum balance, but their superposition leads to a strong nonlinear current interaction and large bottom stress in the zone of lowest sea elevation.
Biological and hydrographic station data obtained in the vicinity of Nantucket Shoals, May 1978-May 1979

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1980-01) Limeburner, Richard ; Beardsley, Robert C. ; Esaias, Wayne E.

Six cruises were made from May, 1978 to May, 1979 to measure the regional distributions of chlorophyll, silicate, nitrate and nitrite, phosphate, temperature, and salinity in the vacinity of Nantucket Shoals on the New England continental shelf. A summary of the hydrographic observations made on the first three cruises has already been presented in Limeburner and Beardsley (1979). A summary of the biological data obtained on five of the six cruises and the hydrographic observations made during the last three cruises is presented here in graphic form.

Limeburner Richard

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