Landry Scott

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Start date: 2006 × Author: Knowlton, Amy R. ×

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Don’t assume it’s ghost gear : accurate gear characterization is critical for entanglement mitigation [poster]

2017-10-25 , Henry, Allison G. , Barco, Susan G. , Cole, Tim , Johnson, Amanda , Knowlton, Amy R. , Landry, Scott , Mattila, David K. , Moore, Michael J. , Robbins, Jooke , van der Hoop, Julie , Asmutis-Silvia, Regina

Entanglement is a significant conservation and welfare issue which is limiting the recovery of a number of marine species, including marine mammals. It is therefore important to reliably identify the causes of these events, including the nature of the entangling gear in order to reduce or prevent them in the future. A recently published review of marine debris assessed 76 publications and attributed a total of 1805 cases of cetacean entanglements in “ghost gear”, of which 78% (n=1413) were extracted from 13 peer reviewed publications. We examined the 13 publications cited in the review and found that the specific gear type or status of gear involved in the reported events was rarely mentioned beyond the fact that it was fishing related. This is likely due to the fact that determinations of debris as the entangling material are very difficult. In fact, in reviewing 10 years of large whale entanglement records for the U.S., the authors of another study reported that Hawaii was the only region in which any entangling gear was positively identified as ghost gear. The assumption that entangling gear is marine debris unless otherwise stated is dangerous because it could impact efforts to modify or restrict risk-prone fishing in key marine mammal habitats. Entanglement in actively fished gear poses a very real threat, and claims that only lost or abandoned fishing gear is responsible for entanglements can undermine conservation efforts.

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Preprint

Rebuttal to published article “A review of ghost gear entanglement amongst marine mammals, reptiles and elasmobranchs” by M. Stelfox, J. Hudgins, and M. Sweet

2016-11 , Asmutis-Silvia, Regina , Barco, Susan G. , Cole, Tim , Henry, Allison G. , Johnson, Amanda , Knowlton, Amy R. , Landry, Scott , Mattila, David K. , Moore, Michael J. , Robbins, Jooke , van der Hoop, Julie

We reviewed the findings of the recently published article by Stelfox et al. (2016): “A review of ghost gear entanglement amongst marine mammals, reptiles and elasmobranchs” published in this journal (Volume 111, pp 6–17) and found that they are both flawed and misleading as they do not accurately reflect the prevalence of “ghost gear” cases reported in the literature. While we commend the authors for recognizing the importance of attempting to quantify the threat and for recommending more comprehensive databases, the methods, results and conclusions of this review have not advanced the understanding of the issue. As authors of the papers on whale entanglements in the North Atlantic that were reviewed by Stelfox et al. (2016) and others who are knowledgeable about the topic, we provide specific comments regarding misrepresentations of both the source of entanglement (e.g., actively fished gear versus “ghost gear”) and the number of reported entanglements for whale species included in the North Atlantic.

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Presentation

Entanglements of North Atlantic right whales increase as their distribution shifts in response to climate change: The need for a new management paradigm [poster]

2019-12-09 , Pendleton, Daniel , Pettis, Heather M. , Hamilton, Philip K. , Knowlton, Amy R. , Landry, Scott , Moore, Michael J. , McLellan, William A. , Corkeron, Peter , Kraus, Scott D.

Detection rate of severely injured or entangled NARWs began to increase around 2004 - 2007.

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Article

Fatally entangled right whales can die extremely slowly

2006-09 , Moore, Michael J. , Bogomolni, Andrea L. , Bowman, Robert , Hamilton, Philip K. , Harry, Charles T. , Knowlton, Amy R. , Landry, Scott , Rotstein, David S. , Touhey, Kathleen M.

Unlike smaller marine mammals that lack the mass and power to break free from serious entanglements in fixed fishing gear, right whales can do so, but they are not always rope free. The remaining rope can gradually constrict one or more body parts and the resulting debilitation and ultimate death can take many months. Thus the practices that lead to these mortalities need to be viewed not only as a conflict between the cultural and socioeconomic value of a fishery versus a potential species extinction process, but also in terms of an extreme animal welfare issue.

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