Buma Brian

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Buma
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  • Preprint
    A framework to assess biogeochemical response to ecosystem disturbance using nutrient partitioning ratios
    ( 2015-11) Kranabetter, J. Marty ; McLauchlan, Kendra K. ; Enders, Sara K. ; Fraterrigo, Jennifer M. ; Higuera, Philip E. ; Morris, Jesse L. ; Rastetter, Edward B. ; Barnes, Rebecca T. ; Buma, Brian ; Gavin, Daniel ; Gerhart, Laci M. ; Gillson, Lindsey ; Hietz, Peter ; Mack, Michelle C. ; McNeil, Brenden ; Perakis, Steven S.
    Disturbances affect almost all terrestrial ecosystems, but it has been difficult to identify general principles regarding these influences. To improve our understanding of the long-term consequences of disturbance on terrestrial ecosystems, we present a conceptual framework that analyzes disturbances by their biogeochemical impacts. We posit that the ratio of soil and plant nutrient stocks in mature ecosystems represents a characteristic site property. Focusing on nitrogen (N), we hypothesize that this partitioning ratio (soil N: plant N) will undergo a predictable trajectory after disturbance. We investigate the nature of this partitioning ratio with three approaches: (1) nutrient stock data from forested ecosystems in North America, (2) a process-based ecosystem model, and (3) conceptual shifts in site nutrient availability with altered disturbance frequency. Partitioning ratios could be applied to a variety of ecosystems and successional states, allowing for improved temporal scaling of disturbance events. The generally short-term empirical evidence for recovery trajectories of nutrient stocks and partitioning ratios suggests two areas for future research. First, we need to recognize and quantify how disturbance effects can be accreting or depleting, depending on whether their net effect is to increase or decrease ecosystem nutrient stocks. Second, we need to test how altered disturbance frequencies from the present state may be constructive or destructive in their effects on biogeochemical cycling and nutrient availability. Long-term studies, with repeated sampling of soils and vegetation, will be essential in further developing this framework of biogeochemical response to disturbance.
  • Article
    Expert review of the science underlying nature-based climate solutions
    (Nature Research, 2024-03-21) Buma, Brian ; Gordon, Doria R. ; Kleisner, Kristin M. ; Bartuska, Ann ; Bidlack, Allison ; DeFries, Ruth ; Ellis, Peter W. ; Friedlingstein, Pierre ; Metzger, Stefan ; Morgan, Granger ; Novick, Kimberly ; Sanchirico, James N. ; Collins, James R. ; Eagle, Alison J. ; Fujita, Rod ; Holst, Eric ; Lavallee, Jocelyn M. ; Lubowski, Ruben N. ; Melikov, Cyril ; Moore, Lisa A. ; Oldfield, Emily E. ; Paltseva, Julia ; Raffeld, Anna M. ; Randazzo, Nina A. ; Schneider, Chloe ; Aragon, Nazli Uludere ; Hamburg, Steven P.
    Viable nature-based climate solutions (NbCS) are needed to achieve climate goals expressed in international agreements like the Paris Accord. Many NbCS pathways have strong scientific foundations and can deliver meaningful climate benefits but effective mitigation is undermined by pathways with less scientific certainty. Here we couple an extensive literature review with an expert elicitation on 43 pathways and find that at present the most used pathways, such as tropical forest conservation, have a solid scientific basis for mitigation. However, the experts suggested that some pathways, many with carbon credit eligibility and market activity, remain uncertain in terms of their climate mitigation efficacy. Sources of uncertainty include incomplete GHG measurement and accounting. We recommend focusing on resolving those uncertainties before broadly scaling implementation of those pathways in quantitative emission or sequestration mitigation plans. If appropriate, those pathways should be supported for their cobenefits, such as biodiversity and food security.