Burd Adrian B.

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Adrian B.
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Article

Prediction of the export and fate of global ocean net primary production : the EXPORTS Science Plan

2016-03-08 , Siegel, David A. , Buesseler, Ken O. , Behrenfeld, Michael J. , Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. , Boss, Emmanuel S. , Brzezinski, Mark A. , Burd, Adrian B. , Carlson, Craig A. , D'Asaro, Eric A. , Doney, Scott C. , Perry, Mary J. , Stanley, Rachel H. R. , Steinberg, Deborah K.

Ocean ecosystems play a critical role in the Earth's carbon cycle and the quantification of their impacts for both present conditions and for predictions into the future remains one of the greatest challenges in oceanography. The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) Science Plan is to develop a predictive understanding of the export and fate of global ocean net primary production (NPP) and its implications for present and future climates. The achievement of this goal requires a quantification of the mechanisms that control the export of carbon from the euphotic zone as well as its fate in the underlying “twilight zone” where some fraction of exported carbon will be sequestered in the ocean's interior on time scales of months to millennia. Here we present a measurement/synthesis/modeling framework aimed at quantifying the fates of upper ocean NPP and its impacts on the global carbon cycle based upon the EXPORTS Science Plan. The proposed approach will diagnose relationships among the ecological, biogeochemical, and physical oceanographic processes that control carbon cycling across a range of ecosystem and carbon cycling states leading to advances in satellite diagnostic and numerical prognostic models. To collect these data, a combination of ship and robotic field sampling, satellite remote sensing, and numerical modeling is proposed which enables the sampling of the many pathways of NPP export and fates. This coordinated, process-oriented approach has the potential to foster new insights on ocean carbon cycling that maximizes its societal relevance through the achievement of research goals of many international research agencies and will be a key step toward our understanding of the Earth as an integrated system.

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Preprint

Th-234 sorption and export models in the water column : a review

2005-10-10 , Savoye, Nicolas , Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. , Burd, Adrian B. , Cochran, J. Kirk , Charette, Matthew A. , Buesseler, Ken O. , Jackson, George A. , Roy-Barman, Matthieu , Schmidt, Sabine , Elskens, Marc

Over the past few decades, the radioisotope pair of 238U/234Th has been widely and increasingly used to describe particle dynamics and particle export fluxes in a variety of aquatic systems. The present paper is one of five review articles dedicated to 234Th. It is focused on the models associated with 234Th whereas the companion papers (same issue) are focused on present and future methodologies and techniques (Rutgers van der Loeff et al.), C/234Th ratios (Buesseler et al.), 234Th speciation (Santschi et al.) and present and future applications of 234Th (Waples et al.). In this paper, we review current 234Th scavenging models and discuss the relative importance of the non steady state and physical terms associated with the most commonly used model to estimate 234Th flux. Based on this discussion we recommend that for future work the use of models should be accompanied by a discussion of the effect that model and data uncertainty have on the model results. We also suggest that future field work incorporate repeat occupations of sample sites on time scales of 1-4 weeks in order to evaluate steady state versus non steady state estimates of 234Th export, especially during high flux events (> ca. 800 dpm m-2 d-1). Finally, knowledge of the physical oceanography of the study area is essential, particularly in ocean margins and in areas of established upwelling (e.g. Equatorial Pacific). These suggestions will greatly enhance the application of 234Th as a tracer of particle dynamics and flux in more complicated regimes.

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Article

An operational overview of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) Northeast Pacific field deployment

2021-07-07 , Siegel, David A. , Cetinić, Ivona , Graff, Jason R. , Lee, Craig M. , Nelson, Norman B. , Perry, Mary J. , Soto Ramos, Inia , Steinberg, Deborah K. , Buesseler, Ken O. , Hamme, Roberta C. , Fassbender, Andrea , Nicholson, David P. , Omand, Melissa M. , Robert, Marie , Thompson, Andrew F. , Amaral, Vinicius , Behrenfeld, Michael J. , Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. , Bisson, Kelsey , Boss, Emmanuel S. , Boyd, Philip , Brzezinski, Mark A. , Buck, Kristen N. , Burd, Adrian B. , Burns, Shannon , Caprara, Salvatore , Carlson, Craig A. , Cassar, Nicolas , Close, Hilary G. , D'Asaro, Eric A. , Durkin, Colleen A. , Erickson, Zachary K. , Estapa, Margaret L. , Fields, Erik , Fox, James , Freeman, Scott , Gifford, Scott M. , Gong, Weida , Gray, Deric , Guidi, Lionel , Haëntjens, Nils , Halsey, Kim , Huot, Yannick , Hansell, Dennis A. , Jenkins, Bethany D. , Karp-Boss, Lee , Kramer, Sasha J. , Lam, Phoebe J. , Lee, Jong-Mi , Maas, Amy E. , Marchal, Olivier , Marchetti, Adrian , McDonnell, Andrew M. P. , McNair, Heather , Menden-Deuer, Susanne , Morison, Francoise , Niebergall, Alexandria K. , Passow, Uta , Popp, Brian N. , Potvin, Geneviève , Resplandy, Laure , Roca-Martí, Montserrat , Roesler, Collin S. , Rynearson, Tatiana A. , Traylor, Shawnee , Santoro, Alyson E. , Seraphin, Kanesa , Sosik, Heidi M. , Stamieszkin, Karen , Stephens, Brandon M. , Tang, Weiyi , Van Mooy, Benjamin , Xiong, Yuanheng , Zhang, Xiaodong

The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign is to develop a predictive understanding of the export, fate, and carbon cycle impacts of global ocean net primary production. To accomplish this goal, observations of export flux pathways, plankton community composition, food web processes, and optical, physical, and biogeochemical (BGC) properties are needed over a range of ecosystem states. Here we introduce the first EXPORTS field deployment to Ocean Station Papa in the Northeast Pacific Ocean during summer of 2018, providing context for other papers in this special collection. The experiment was conducted with two ships: a Process Ship, focused on ecological rates, BGC fluxes, temporal changes in food web, and BGC and optical properties, that followed an instrumented Lagrangian float; and a Survey Ship that sampled BGC and optical properties in spatial patterns around the Process Ship. An array of autonomous underwater assets provided measurements over a range of spatial and temporal scales, and partnering programs and remote sensing observations provided additional observational context. The oceanographic setting was typical of late-summer conditions at Ocean Station Papa: a shallow mixed layer, strong vertical and weak horizontal gradients in hydrographic properties, sluggish sub-inertial currents, elevated macronutrient concentrations and low phytoplankton abundances. Although nutrient concentrations were consistent with previous observations, mixed layer chlorophyll was lower than typically observed, resulting in a deeper euphotic zone. Analyses of surface layer temperature and salinity found three distinct surface water types, allowing for diagnosis of whether observed changes were spatial or temporal. The 2018 EXPORTS field deployment is among the most comprehensive biological pump studies ever conducted. A second deployment to the North Atlantic Ocean occurred in spring 2021, which will be followed by focused work on data synthesis and modeling using the entire EXPORTS data set.

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Working Paper

EXPORTS Measurements and Protocols for the NE Pacific Campaign

2021-02 , Behrenfeld, Michael J. , Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. , Boss, Emmanuel S. , Brzezinski, Mark A. , Buck, Kristen N. , Buesseler, Ken O. , Burd, Adrian B. , Carlson, Craig A. , Cassar, Nicolas , Cetinić, Ivona , Close, Hilary G. , Craig, Susanne E. , D'Asaro, Eric A. , Durkin, Colleen A. , Estapa, Margaret L. , Fassbender, Andrea , Fox, James , Freeman, Scott , Gifford, Scott M. , Gong, Weida , Graff, Jason R. , Gray, Deric , Guidi, Lionel , Halsey, Kim , Hansell, Dennis A. , Haëntjens, Nils , Horner, Tristan J. , Jenkins, Bethany D. , Jones, Janice L. , Karp-Boss, Lee , Kramer, Sasha J. , Lam, Phoebe J. , Lee, Craig M. , Lee, Jong-Mi , Liu, Shuting , Mannino, Antonio , Maas, Amy E. , Marchal, Olivier , Marchetti, Adrian , McDonnell, Andrew M. P. , McNair, Heather , Menden-Deuer, Susanne , Morison, Francoise , Nelson, Norman B. , Nicholson, David P. , Niebergall, Alexandria K. , Omand, Melissa M. , Passow, Uta , Perry, Mary J. , Popp, Brian N. , Proctor, Chris , Rafter, Patrick , Roca-Martí, Montserrat , Roesler, Collin S. , Rubin, Edwina , Rynearson, Tatiana A. , Santoro, Alyson E. , Siegel, David A. , Sosik, Heidi M. , Soto Ramos, Inia , Stamieszkin, Karen , Steinberg, Deborah K. , Stephens, Brandon M. , Thompson, Andrew F. , Van Mooy, Benjamin A. S. , Zhang, Xiaodong

EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) is a large-scale NASA-led and NSF co-funded field campaign that will provide critical information for quantifying the export and fate of upper ocean net primary production (NPP) using satellite information and state of the art technology.

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Preprint

An assessment of particulate organic carbon to thorium-234 ratios in the ocean and their impact on the application of 234Th as a POC flux proxy

2005-06-18 , Buesseler, Ken O. , Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R. , Burd, Adrian B. , Charette, Matthew A. , Cochran, J. Kirk , Coppola, L. , Fisher, Nicholas S. , Fowler, Scott W. , Gardner, Wilford D. , Guo, L. D. , Gustafsson, Orjan , Lamborg, Carl H. , Masqué, Pere , Miquel, Juan Carlos , Passow, Uta , Santschi, Peter H. , Savoye, Nicolas , Stewart, G. , Trull, Thomas W.

Thorium-234 is increasingly used as a tracer of ocean particle flux, primarily as a means to estimate particulate organic carbon export from the surface ocean. This requires determination of both the 234Th activity distribution (in order to calculate 234Th fluxes) and an estimate of the C/234Th ratio on sinking particles, to empirically derive C fluxes. In reviewing C/234Th variability, results obtained using a single sampling method show the most predictable behavior. For example, in most studies that employ in situ pumps to collect size fractionated particles, C/234Th either increases or is relatively invariant with increasing particle size (size classes >1 to 100’s μm). Observations also suggest that C/234Th decreases with depth and can vary significantly between regions (highest in blooms of large diatoms and highly productive coastal settings). Comparisons of C fluxes derived from 234Th show good agreement with independent estimates of C flux, including mass balances of C and nutrients over appropriate space and time scales (within factors of 2-3). We recommend sampling for C/234Th from a standard depth of 100 m, or at least one depth below the mixed layer using either large volume size fractionated filtration to capture the rarer large particles, or a sediment trap or other device to collect sinking particles. We also recommend collection of multiple 234Th profiles and C/234Th samples during the course of longer observation periods to better sample temporal variations in both 234Th flux and the characteristic of sinking particles. We are encouraged by new technologies which are optimized to more reliably sample truly settling particles, and expect the utility of this tracer to increase, not just for upper ocean C fluxes but for other elements and processes deeper in the water column.

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