Auxiliary material for Paper 2010GL045202
Dynamic millennial-scale climate changes in the northwestern Pacific over the past 40,000 years 

M.-T. Chen
Institute of Applied Geosciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan

X. P. Lin
Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China

Y.-P. Chang and Y.-C. Chen
Institute of Applied Geosciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan

L. Lo and C.-C. Shen
Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Y. Yokoyama
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Japan 
Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan

D. W. Oppo and W. G. Thompson
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA

R. Zhang
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA, Princeton, New Jersey, USA


Chen, M.-T., X. P. Lin, Y.-P. Chang, Y.-C. Chen, L. Lo, C.-C. Shen, Y. Yokoyama, D. W. Oppo, W. G. Thompson, and R. 
Zhang (2010), Dynamic millennial-scale climate changes in the northwestern Pacific over the past 40,000 years, 
Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23603, doi:10.1029/2010GL045202.
Introduction

The auxiliary material contains a text and and 9 figures.

1. 2010gl014202-txts01.pdf
Text for Core material, foraminifer isotopes, and age controls; Mg/Ca SST determination; change of wind, ocean 
circulation and SST after the reduction or shutdown of THC in a coupled model; the simulated Kuroshio in the present 
coupled climate models. Figure S1: A map showing the location and regional topography of core MD012404 in the Okinawa 
Trough. The topography shows that the coring site is located in a small topographic low near the western edge of the 
OT. Figure S2: Benthic (top) and planktic (bottom) foraminifer delta_18O of core MD012404. The lines are five-point 
averaging from the original data points (shown in gray lines). The bars on the top indicate 19 AMS 14C dating and 
plain arrows indicate the isotope age control points that were used for developing the age model. Figure S3: 14C age 
(calibrated to calendar years) versus depth of core MD012404. Figure S4: MD012404 Mg/Ca SSTs measured in NTU (orange) 
and WHOI (blue). The left bottom panel shows the differences of the Mg/Ca SSTs measured from the two laboratories.
Figure S5 The anomalies of sea surface wind field (black arrows) and wind speed (color shaded) between the 
water-hosing experiment and the control run. Figure S6: The anomalies of upper-100m current field (black arrows) and 
current speed (color shaded) between the water-hosing experiment and the control run. Though the increasing of 
current speed is usually less than 1cm/s in the Kuroshio region in water-hosing experiment, the ratio is 
considerable of about 10% comparing to the mean current speed of less than 10cm/s in the modeled Kuroshio (see 
Figure S8). Figure S7: The anomalies of SST (color shaded) between the water-hosing experiment and the control run.
Figure S8 The simulated present upper-100m current field (black arrows) and current speed (color shaded) in the North 
Pacific in the FOAM model.Figure S9 The simulated present upper-100m current field (black arrows) and current speed 
(color shaded) in the North Pacific in the CM2.1 model.