Data Set S4: Comparison between observed (obs.) and calculated (cal.) K1 tidal elevations in the Arctic Ocean Position Amplitude Phase Station Long. Lat. Obs. Cal. Diff. Obs. Cal. Diff. 3.2167 56.5500 2.5 2.9 0.4 273.0 259.3 -13.7 EKOFISK 2.0667 59.8833 4.5 5.1 0.6 159.0 169.9 10.9 FRIGG 0.0000 63.1333 7.5 8.5 1.0 157.0 145.2 -11.8 SHETLAND REGION -0.6191 60.8092 8.0 8.6 0.6 164.0 154.0 -10.0 LERUIK -6.4305 60.1526 9.0 9.7 0.7 147.0 136.6 -10.4 OPEN SEA 10 -6.5748 61.7599 4.0 6.0 2.0 142.0 109.8 -32.2 TORSHAVN -14.2833 64.6667 6.6 9.0 2.4 77.0 74.9 -2.1 DJUBVOGUR -18.1556 65.7844 7.0 5.5 -1.5 136.0 131.4 -4.6 AKKUREYN -19.0000 66.1333 6.0 5.4 -0.6 138.0 136.3 -1.7 SIGLUFIORD -24.7167 62.8333 12.2 12.2 0.0 136.0 129.3 -6.7 REYKJANES RIDGE -22.2500 64.1500 11.0 13.0 2.0 117.0 110.3 -6.7 REYKIYAVIK -37.5833 65.6000 14.0 17.6 3.6 147.0 159.2 12.2 ANGMASSALIK -21.9667 70.4167 10.6 12.3 1.7 87.1 66.9 -20.2 KAP TOBIN -23.9167 72.2333 11.0 11.1 0.1 105.1 89.6 -15.5 MESTERVIG -21.1333 73.9833 11.8 13.8 2.0 96.2 80.0 -16.2 VESLE FINSCHOYA -19.4167 76.9000 8.0 12.2 4.2 62.0 54.3 -7.7 DATSKAYA HAVAN -18.7667 76.7667 8.4 11.4 3.0 51.6 46.1 -5.5 DANMARCS HAVN -8.6833 70.9667 6.0 6.6 0.6 116.0 116.4 0.4 KVALROSSBUKTA -8.4036 71.0246 3.2 7.1 3.9 105.5 112.5 7.0 MARRY MUSS BAY 4.5372 59.0142 1.4 2.4 1.0 180.0 182.6 2.6 STAVANGER 5.3000 60.4000 3.2 3.1 -0.1 170.0 162.5 -7.5 BERGEN 4.5213 61.7005 4.4 4.6 0.2 165.0 144.1 -20.9 FLORO 5.4179 61.9069 4.0 3.4 -0.6 160.0 148.6 -11.4 KJOLSDAL 6.1500 62.4833 6.0 7.5 1.5 155.0 134.3 -20.7 ALESUND 7.7333 63.1000 6.3 6.8 0.5 174.0 154.2 -19.8 KRISTIANSUND N. 9.1167 63.4333 6.0 7.7 1.7 176.0 154.4 -21.6 HEIMSJO 9.5795 63.6331 6.8 8.4 1.6 179.0 153.2 -25.8 TRONDHEIM 11.0987 64.8081 7.4 9.1 1.7 182.0 156.8 -25.2 RORVIK 12.2257 65.5736 8.3 10.6 2.3 188.0 173.8 -14.2 BRONNOYSUND 12.9325 65.9527 8.8 11.4 2.6 193.0 180.7 -12.3 MOSJOEN 13.3752 66.3008 9.2 11.2 2.0 200.0 187.0 -13.0 MO I RANA 8.1333 66.9167 4.5 5.2 0.7 171.0 166.9 -4.1 SHELF WEST NORWAY 14.7230 67.3160 10.0 12.2 2.2 210.0 205.3 -4.7 BODO 14.5000 68.2167 10.5 12.3 1.8 212.0 199.1 -12.9 KABELVAG 16.0000 68.4167 10.2 12.4 2.2 213.0 201.6 -11.4 LODINGEN 16.7341 68.8102 6.5 7.3 0.8 209.0 192.2 -16.8 EVENSKJER 16.4845 68.4604 11.7 11.4 -0.3 213.0 213.2 0.2 NARVIK 15.5334 68.8502 3.2 4.7 1.5 239.0 215.4 -23.6 RISOYHAMN 16.1500 69.3167 5.9 6.9 1.0 191.0 175.3 -15.7 ANDENES 19.2000 74.4833 5.4 7.5 2.1 210.8 172.1 -38.7 BJORNOYA 19.1667 74.3667 1.8 2.5 0.7 281.1 122.6 -158.5 SOERHAMNA 25.0667 76.5000 11.8 9.7 -2.1 346.0 359.7 13.7 HUSDALEN 23.0672 77.1257 12.6 13.2 0.6 331.0 337.5 6.5 HALVMAANEOEYA 17.9095 76.5287 6.8 6.6 -0.2 334.0 335.7 1.7 KVALVAGEN 14.2500 78.0667 6.7 7.9 1.2 218.0 202.4 -15.6 GRONF JORDEN 13.6333 78.0500 6.8 8.0 1.2 194.4 200.4 6.0 KAPP LINNE 11.9500 78.9333 6.7 8.3 1.6 283.0 222.4 -60.6 NY-ALESUND 12.0500 78.9667 5.4 8.3 2.9 240.9 223.1 -17.8 LONDON, KING'S BAY 10.8667 79.7167 2.7 5.8 3.1 204.1 230.8 26.7 PORT VIRGO 11.4764 80.2173 6.9 11.8 4.9 233.0 246.5 13.5 J. MORRISON 16.0667 79.9500 7.1 13.5 6.4 227.0 226.9 -0.1 MOSSEL BAY 16.8667 80.0000 7.3 12.6 5.3 253.0 233.1 -19.9 SORGF JORDEN 18.3000 79.9333 8.7 10.8 2.1 252.7 235.1 -17.6 SVERNOR 19.4833 80.3833 4.0 10.8 6.8 254.0 244.1 -9.9 BRENNEVINSFFJORDEN 30.6824 79.9555 7.0 7.6 0.6 305.0 307.6 2.6 AAGAARD ET. AL 52.8000 80.3333 6.9 4.9 -2.0 343.2 335.0 -8.2 B. TIKHOI 57.8500 81.8000 3.9 3.5 -0.4 359.2 304.7 -54.5 B. TEPLITZ 23.4000 70.6667 8.1 8.2 0.1 214.0 200.7 -13.3 HAMMERFEST 31.5801 70.5973 11.9 11.1 -0.8 252.1 247.4 -4.7 VARDO 40.4673 65.8310 2.0 1.6 -0.4 4.0 79.0 75.0 INTCY 43.9819 68.2388 14.0 17.2 3.2 300.0 284.2 -15.8 SHOINA 47.5066 68.6573 18.0 20.0 2.0 300.0 319.0 19.0 KANIN 48.0188 69.2110 18.0 16.3 -1.7 317.0 325.2 8.2 BUGRINO 52.7000 72.6500 4.9 6.5 1.6 169.3 13.0 -156.3 PUKHOVY BAY 54.8000 73.6500 5.8 6.3 0.5 205.2 22.2 177.0 MITYUCHIKHA BAY 56.3833 73.2500 2.4 1.2 -1.2 208.8 203.7 -5.1 MATOTCHKIN SHAR 55.5000 74.1167 5.2 5.3 0.1 2.5 30.7 28.2 KRESTOVAYA BAY 59.9167 76.0000 3.4 4.2 0.8 69.0 89.5 20.5 ST.PHOQUE BAY (ST. THOMAS) 63.0500 76.2667 3.3 2.5 -0.8 84.8 119.8 35.0 RUSSKAYA GAVAN 68.5833 76.9500 1.0 2.0 1.0 191.0 183.7 -7.3 M ZJELANIA 59.0667 70.4500 4.0 2.1 -1.9 114.0 90.2 -23.8 M. BOLSHOY BOLV. NOS 61.0000 69.8000 6.0 1.9 -4.1 101.0 116.2 15.2 YUGORSKIY SHAR 61.7000 69.7500 4.0 1.7 -2.3 121.0 129.2 8.2 AMDERMA 65.8849 69.3098 6.0 1.8 -4.2 144.0 165.8 21.8 YSTI KARA 65.5163 71.1193 3.0 2.3 -0.7 135.0 157.6 22.6 HARASAVEY 70.0000 73.3333 7.0 3.9 -3.1 189.0 178.1 -10.9 BELIY 83.0000 75.9167 2.0 1.5 -0.5 259.0 247.3 -11.7 IZVESTIY CTIK ISL. 82.0000 77.5000 3.0 1.8 -1.2 312.0 237.1 -74.9 UEDINENIA ISL. 76.8333 79.6000 5.0 3.4 -1.6 288.0 275.2 -12.8 VIZE ISL. 89.0833 77.3000 2.0 1.3 -0.7 319.0 191.5 -127.5 ISACHENKO ISL. 90.6667 79.7000 5.0 5.3 0.3 331.0 324.5 -6.5 PIONER ISL. 102.4167 79.5000 5.0 6.0 1.0 283.0 272.0 -11.0 PESCHANY M. 96.5000 77.1000 3.0 2.9 -0.1 305.0 293.1 -11.9 RUSSKIY ISL. 97.4167 76.5500 3.0 3.0 0.0 268.0 259.3 -8.7 TAYMIR ISL. 101.4167 77.5000 4.0 4.2 0.2 296.0 273.6 -22.4 GEYBERGA ISL. 103.1000 78.2167 6.0 6.5 0.5 299.0 281.8 -17.2 SOLNECHNAYA BAY 107.0000 77.1333 5.0 6.6 1.6 281.0 264.3 -16.7 KOMSOMOL. PRAVDY ISLS. 107.0000 78.1333 7.0 6.4 -0.6 225.0 278.0 53.0 M. TAYMYR ISL. 111.0000 76.7000 5.0 6.5 1.5 280.0 265.7 -14.3 ANDREY ISL. 113.4167 75.5667 8.0 9.3 1.3 313.0 290.7 -22.3 M. PRONCHISHEVOY BAY 112.7833 74.6500 5.0 8.7 3.7 322.0 321.1 -0.9 PREOBRAJENIYA ISL 117.6003 73.5841 4.0 5.2 1.2 32.0 16.5 -15.5 M. TERPIAY-TUMSA 124.3333 73.9333 2.0 1.7 -0.3 145.0 177.5 32.5 DUNAY ISL. 129.4057 71.3870 4.0 4.2 0.2 312.0 324.7 12.7 TIKSY 130.0000 71.5000 4.0 3.8 -0.2 4.0 326.6 -37.4 MUOSTAKH 130.5646 71.1600 1.0 3.9 2.9 45.0 332.5 -72.5 BUOR-HAYA 140.0833 72.9000 2.0 1.5 -0.5 165.0 160.0 -5.0 SVIATOY NOS 139.3333 73.3000 2.0 0.8 -1.2 70.0 145.2 75.2 KIGILLIAKH 142.4963 73.2337 2.0 0.3 -1.7 63.0 256.2 -166.8 SHALAUROVA 142.0833 74.9000 1.0 2.8 1.8 19.0 345.4 -33.6 ZEMLIA BUNGE 137.1399 75.9547 2.0 2.2 0.2 163.0 118.3 -44.7 TEMPA 137.2572 75.7320 3.0 2.7 -0.3 165.0 93.0 -72.0 KOTELNIY 152.7500 76.1000 8.0 3.2 -4.8 307.0 264.6 -42.4 ZJOKHOVA 166.5000 69.5000 1.0 1.2 0.2 291.0 278.2 -12.8 RAUCHUA -178.5500 70.9667 1.0 1.4 0.4 210.0 215.1 5.1 VRANGELYA -179.4833 68.9167 3.0 2.6 -0.4 215.0 187.8 -27.2 SHMIDTA -176.1667 67.9167 2.0 2.9 0.9 180.0 208.4 28.4 VANKAREM -174.6500 67.4833 3.0 3.0 0.0 237.0 219.7 -17.3 KOLUCHIN -171.6667 67.0000 3.0 2.4 -0.6 238.0 243.5 5.5 NATTAN -169.8333 66.1000 1.0 2.5 1.5 231.0 258.9 27.9 UALLEN -165.4300 64.5000 9.0 8.2 -0.8 145.2 152.1 6.9 NOME,NORTON SOUND -163.7142 67.1505 4.1 1.8 -2.3 37.9 45.5 7.6 RED DOG DOCK -148.5267 70.4000 2.2 2.3 0.1 161.2 300.8 139.6 PRUDHOE BAY -138.9167 69.5667 2.8 1.5 -1.3 137.8 116.7 -21.1 HERSCHEL ISLAND -138.4333 69.2833 3.1 1.7 -1.4 117.4 115.7 -1.7 KAY POINT YUKON -137.2000 68.9333 3.5 1.9 -1.6 147.7 117.0 -30.7 SHINGLE BAY -135.7500 69.5000 3.2 1.7 -1.5 134.3 129.5 -4.8 CARRY ISLAND -135.3667 69.6167 4.6 1.5 -3.1 165.8 130.6 -35.2 PELLY ISLAND -134.8333 69.6833 2.9 1.4 -1.5 148.2 131.0 -17.2 HOOPER ISLAND -133.0000 69.4500 3.1 1.1 -2.0 165.6 132.1 -33.5 TUKTOYAKTUK -131.4167 69.9500 2.8 0.8 -2.0 122.9 88.0 -34.9 ATKINSON POINT -130.1228 69.8582 1.4 1.9 0.5 304.9 83.1 138.2 LIVERPOOL BAY -129.4754 70.2243 0.7 1.6 0.9 205.0 39.1 -165.9 CAPE DAKHOUSIE -127.7654 70.5047 2.1 3.6 1.5 132.0 81.7 -50.3 BAILLIE IS (S.SPIT) -126.9167 69.9500 4.2 3.6 -0.6 136.4 86.5 -49.9 FRANKLIN BAY -124.6667 70.1500 5.5 4.1 -1.4 115.0 83.0 -32.0 CAPE PARRY -124.0667 69.3500 6.4 4.4 -2.0 124.3 92.2 -32.1 PAULATUK -122.6667 69.8167 5.2 4.2 -1.0 137.8 89.0 -48.8 PEARCE POINT -120.7833 69.6167 5.5 4.6 -0.9 137.8 89.3 -48.5 TYSOE POINT -125.6829 72.1707 4.0 2.5 -1.5 150.8 100.4 -50.4 SACHS HARBOUR -112.9600 68.4789 7.8 5.6 -2.2 224.8 196.4 -28.4 COPPERMINE -114.2749 68.5514 8.5 7.0 -1.5 133.3 121.3 -12.0 BERNARD HARBOUR -104.2640 68.8539 5.1 3.8 -1.3 128.9 86.3 -42.6 CAMBRIDGE BAY -119.4667 76.2833 3.9 4.7 0.8 227.3 17.5 150.2 MOULD BAY -110.8000 74.7833 6.7 7.5 0.8 18.3 351.2 -27.1 WINTER HARBOUR -105.9950 75.1894 8.3 8.4 0.1 7.3 338.4 -28.9 BYAM CHANNEL (LP) -105.5186 75.5564 6.9 6.9 0.0 5.0 337.8 -27.2 RAE POINT -98.1978 74.0565 6.1 5.5 -0.6 3.1 321.7 -41.4 HAMILTON ISLAND -96.7138 71.5173 10.2 10.9 0.7 11.3 352.8 -18.5 TASMANIA ISLAND -95.2224 69.6742 2.1 3.5 1.4 137.2 53.2 -84.0 SPENCE BAY -95.1667 71.9833 9.8 9.7 -0.1 27.2 350.6 -36.6 FALSE STRAIT -94.2333 72.0167 42.7 29.8 -12.9 337.2 316.7 -20.5 FORT ROSS -95.5500 72.6000 9.9 9.2 -0.7 359.6 345.5 -14.1 OTRICK ISLAND -95.6833 73.4333 8.7 7.4 -1.3 347.2 332.5 -14.7 WADSWORTH ISLAND -93.8833 74.1333 10.6 8.2 -2.4 320.7 283.2 -37.5 CUNNINGHAM INLET -90.3333 73.8333 27.4 18.9 -8.5 306.2 277.5 -28.7 PORT LEOPOLD -88.9000 74.6833 28.1 24.8 -3.3 320.0 281.1 -38.9 MAXWELL BAY -90.1667 74.5500 27.4 23.2 -4.2 315.3 287.3 -28.0 RIGBY BAY -91.0833 74.7167 26.8 24.1 -2.7 318.0 292.8 -25.2 RADSTOCK BAY -91.9000 74.7167 27.4 22.6 -4.8 335.2 301.3 -33.9 BEECHY ISLAND -94.9000 74.6833 19.5 16.8 -2.7 338.8 314.5 -24.3 RESOLUTE -98.0333 75.0333 16.2 14.4 -1.8 353.7 329.5 -24.2 CAPE CAPEL -96.2427 75.7271 11.8 8.3 -3.5 346.8 304.1 -42.7 LITTLE CORNWALLIS IS. -97.7333 76.0833 10.9 5.8 -5.1 346.2 316.2 -30.0 AIRSTRIP POINT -97.2167 76.4833 10.2 8.0 -2.2 6.6 340.8 -25.8 HYDE PARKER ISLAND -97.7162 76.8116 9.4 5.9 -3.5 11.2 354.7 -16.5 NORTHUMBERLAND SOUND -97.1993 77.0605 8.3 7.0 -1.3 29.5 9.2 -20.3 NORAH ISLAND -89.0667 76.4167 23.3 27.0 3.7 276.2 245.6 -30.6 BAY OF WOE -89.4167 76.9000 8.6 7.4 -1.2 324.2 308.9 -15.3 HELL GATE -88.9500 77.7000 6.3 7.3 1.0 340.3 337.5 -2.8 NORWEGIAN BAY -88.8833 78.1333 5.7 7.5 1.8 347.5 338.0 -9.5 HYPERITE POINT -90.3333 78.3333 2.9 7.4 4.5 348.8 338.8 -10.0 SURPRISE FIORD -91.8333 78.2167 5.6 7.1 1.5 357.1 343.3 -13.8 CAPE SOUTHWEST -103.5333 78.7833 4.8 6.1 1.3 43.3 10.5 -32.8 ISACHSEN -79.5833 80.6000 6.2 8.8 2.6 101.5 26.3 -75.2 GREELY FIORD -73.5000 82.8833 2.9 5.8 2.9 27.9 7.1 -20.8 DISRAELI FIORD -69.6667 83.1167 5.1 7.4 2.3 21.2 6.1 -15.1 CAPE ALDRICH -62.3167 82.5000 4.7 8.4 3.7 2.8 4.4 1.6 ALERT -61.5000 82.4500 4.8 7.8 3.0 359.2 2.0 2.8 CAPE SHERIDAN -55.0292 82.2879 9.7 15.6 5.9 346.2 343.5 -2.7 CAPE BRYANT -60.0000 81.9667 9.6 13.5 3.9 321.4 321.8 0.4 NEWMAN BAY GREENLAND -61.8333 81.6667 12.2 13.5 1.3 303.3 304.9 1.6 CAPE LUPTON GREENLAND -61.6333 81.6000 12.1 13.9 1.8 306.2 303.0 -3.2 THANK GOD HARBOUR -62.0667 82.1167 6.5 8.3 1.8 307.3 325.2 17.9 LINKOLN BAY -62.5000 82.0000 10.2 8.8 -1.4 311.4 317.3 5.9 WRANGEL BAY -64.1667 81.8000 8.3 8.8 0.5 295.0 298.7 3.7 ST. PATRICK BAY -64.7333 81.7333 8.5 8.9 0.4 286.2 297.1 10.9 DISCOVERY HARBOUR -65.7167 81.2167 9.6 11.3 1.7 271.8 269.5 -2.3 CAPE DEFOSSE -74.1667 78.6667 34.4 31.4 -3.0 253.2 237.6 -15.6 PIM ISLAND -72.7437 78.1151 25.9 34.7 8.8 253.2 241.2 -12.0 RENSSELAER BAY -72.6333 78.3000 32.0 34.2 2.2 247.2 241.2 -6.0 FOULKE FIORD -68.8833 76.5500 37.7 35.4 -2.3 250.0 232.9 -17.1 NORTH STAR BAY -81.0667 76.1333 35.8 32.4 -3.4 260.4 237.7 -22.7 KING EDWARD POINT -83.0833 76.4167 30.8 32.3 1.5 265.2 238.9 -26.3 GRISE FIORD, NTW -81.0833 75.7667 33.4 31.0 -2.4 256.7 236.7 -20.0 BELCHER POINT -84.2167 75.7667 32.0 30.4 -1.6 259.1 238.4 -20.7 CAPE SKOGN, NTW -79.3667 74.8667 30.1 30.9 0.8 262.8 240.1 -22.7 CAPE COCKBURN -82.4167 74.5167 34.1 27.1 -7.0 268.2 247.4 -20.8 DUNGAS HARBOUR -78.1000 73.6333 21.6 26.0 4.4 254.3 229.3 -25.0 CAPE LIVERPOOL -74.6500 72.2167 26.3 27.8 1.5 252.0 228.5 -23.5 NOVA ZEMBLA ISLAND -71.1667 70.8667 24.5 28.1 3.6 254.0 230.8 -23.2 REFUGE HARBOUR -80.5000 72.5833 33.2 27.6 -5.6 243.8 227.3 -16.5 PISIKTARFIK ISLAND -80.7833 72.1000 25.6 27.7 2.1 248.2 227.2 -21.0 KOLUKTOD BAY -80.8500 71.9000 25.3 27.7 2.4 245.7 227.2 -18.5 MILNE INLET (HEAD) -84.4000 73.0500 17.2 19.2 2.0 265.8 231.6 -34.2 STRATHCONA SOUND -85.1667 73.0333 15.8 19.2 3.4 280.2 231.3 -48.9 ARCTIC BAY -89.6333 72.6333 21.5 12.7 -8.8 350.4 344.3 -6.1 MCBEAN ISLAND -86.8333 70.0333 63.7 54.7 -9.0 0.9 19.0 18.1 CROWN PRINCE FREDERICK -90.2599 62.6424 12.0 3.3 -8.7 249.0 305.7 56.7 RANKIN INLET -93.6022 58.9993 8.0 3.1 -4.9 308.0 10.3 62.3 CHERCHIL -78.1058 63.0142 7.0 4.1 -2.9 168.0 236.7 68.7 NOTTINGEN -69.4347 59.1201 19.0 13.5 -5.5 188.0 161.9 -26.1 LIVE RIVER -65.5218 60.3872 12.0 12.5 0.5 165.0 167.4 2.4 PORT BERRUAL -69.7491 62.6492 15.0 13.4 -1.6 177.0 181.8 4.8 LAKE HARBOUR -67.8368 63.4616 18.0 16.3 -1.7 161.0 164.2 3.2 FROBISHER -66.0000 68.2500 19.0 24.3 5.3 251.0 237.0 -14.0 CAPE HUPER -51.4167 69.3333 41.0 36.9 -4.1 217.0 206.6 -10.4 YACOBSHAVN -51.5000 64.0000 20.0 18.5 -1.5 174.0 166.8 -7.2 GODHOB -51.4167 63.7000 18.0 18.3 0.3 170.0 164.2 -5.8 FERINGEHAVN -49.5833 61.8667 15.0 17.5 2.5 160.0 159.7 -0.3 FREDERICSHOB -45.3333 60.1167 19.0 16.1 -2.9 159.0 153.8 -5.2 NANORTALIK Mean difference: 0.0 -12.5 Absolute mean difference: 2.0 26.6 Root Mean Square: 2.8 41.5