Auxiliary material for Paper 2004GL021499 

Salinity change in the subtropical Atlantic: Secular increase and teleconnections to the North Atlantic Oscillation



Brad E. Rosenheim,1 Peter K. Swart,1 Simon R. Thorrold,2 Anton Eisenhauer,3 and Philippe Willenz4

1Division of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

2Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA.

3Department for Marine, Environmental Sciences, Research Center for Marine Geosciences (GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany.

4Section Malacology, Department of Invertebrates, CALMARS Group, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (IRSNB/KBIN), Brussels, Belgium.



Rosenheim, B. E., P. K. Swart, S. R. Thorrold, A. Eisenhauer, and P. Willenz (2005), Salinity change in the subtropical Atlantic: Secular increase and teleconnections to the North Atlantic Oscillation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, doi:10.1029/2004GL021499.



Introduction



This supplemental material gives textual explanation to the methods 

used in this paper.  It covers, in detail, the methods of sampling, 

stable isotope analysis, laser ablation ICP-MS, and U/Th dating.  All 

of these methods are described in an indexed text file, 

2004GL021499SuppMat.asc.  The table 2004GL021499_Table_1.txt contains

measurements from U/Th dating of the sclerosponges.



1.2004GL021499SuppMat.txt Textual details of methodology used in this

project



2.2004GL021499_Table_1.txt U/Th ages and parameters used to calculate

these ages.

2.1 Column "Specimen", text, name of the sclerosponge being analyzed

as defined in the main text of the article

2.2 Column "Distance", millimeters, distance from the oral surface

of the sclerosponge from which an individual sample was taken

2.3 Column "234U/238U", unitless ratio, activity ratio of 234U to 238U

2.4 Column "234U/238U_error", unitless ratio, two standard deviations

of the mean 234U/238U activity ratio

2.5 Column "230Th/234U", unitless ratio, activity ratio of 230Th to 234U

2.4 Column "230Th/234U_error", unitless ratio, two standard deviations

of the mean 230Th/234U activity ratio

2.5 Column "232Th", pg/g, concentration of 232 Th measured in the sample

2.6 Column "232Th_error", pg/g, two standard deviations of the mean [232

Th]

2.7 Column "Age", years, calculated age in years assuming 230Th is 

associated with 232Th and the 232Th/238U ratio is 3.8

2.8 Column "Error", years, two standard deviations of the mean age