http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/752953
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2019-01-16
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Experimental counts and locations within columns of depth-varying pH to investigate the behavioral effects of ocean acidification on sand dollar larvae (Dendraster excentricus), July 2017
2019-01-14
publication
2019-01-14
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2019-09-25
publication
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.752953.1
Shawn M Arellano
Western Washington University
principalInvestigator
Dr Brady M. Olson
Western Washington University
principalInvestigator
Dr Sylvia Yang
Western Washington University
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
documentDigital
Cite this dataset as: Arellano, S. M., Olson, B. M., Yang, S. (2019) Experimental counts and locations within columns of depth-varying pH to investigate the behavioral effects of ocean acidification on sand dollar larvae (Dendraster excentricus), July 2017. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Dataset version 2019-01-14 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.752953.1 [access date]
Dendraster Behavior in OA, Expt 2017 Dataset Description: <p>Data collected from a laboratory water column experiment&nbsp;to investigate the behavioral effects of ocean acidification on sand dollar larvae (Dendraster excentricus).</p> Acquisition Description: <p>Spawning and fertilization:</p>
<p>We collected adult sand dollars (D. excentricus) from Semiahmoo Bay, WA, on July 7, 2017, and maintained them in 14°C continuous flowing seawater at the Shannon Point Marine Center. On July 12, 2017, we induced twelve individuals to spawn by injecting 1-mL of 0.5-M KCl into the coelom following methods outlined by Strathmann (1987).&nbsp; We then collected and mixed concentrated gametes of four males and four females for fertilization. We added five drops of sperm to 500-mL of filtered seawater and 5-mL of eggs. We placed the fertilized eggs in 12°C incubator and bubbled them with ambient pCO2 condition for 12-hrs before dividing the embryos into pCO2 treatment conditions before gastrulation.</p>
<p>Larval Rearing</p>
<p>We reared D. excentricus larvae (2 individuals mL-1) at 12°C in eight 3-L jars that were individually bubbled with CO2 to achieve four replicates of ambient (400ppm) and acidic (1500ppm) pCO2 conditions. Each jar of larvae received a water change with pre-equilibrated 0.35-m filtered ambient and acidic seawater and fed the larvae D. tertiolecta (6,000 cells ml-1) daily. Pre-equilibrated ambient and acidic water was held in tanks within the same 12°C incubator as the rearing jars.</p>
<p>Experimental Design</p>
<p>We conducted two behavioral experiments; one when the larvae were 4-arm pleutei and one when the larvae were 6-armed pleutei.</p>
<p>To measure the effect of pH conditions on the vertical distribution of larvae we established three experimental pycnocline treatments within clear plexiglass water columns (2.5cm x 2.5cm x 30cm): (1) ambient water (400ppm) in the top layer and acidic water in the bottom layer (1500ppm), (2) ambient water (400ppm) in both top and bottom layers, and (3) acidic water (1500ppm) in the top layer and ambient water (400ppm) in the bottom layer. Each water layer was 60-mL of water and filled the column 10-cm high, so when each experimental treatment was established it filled the column to 20-cm. We established the experimental treatments by increasing the density of seawater in the bottom layer by 0.003-0.005 g ml-1 using PercollTM GE Healthcare (Podolsky &amp; Emlet 1993). Experimental treatment water was kept at 12°C and pre-equilibrated to the desired pCO2 level and density. We also included blue food coloring (1 drop per 100-mL) to the dense bottom layer to more easily visualize the density layers while establishing experimental treatments. We set-up four replicate columns for each experimental treatment making twelve columns total per experiment.</p>
<p>Columns were positioned in a randomized order along the table of a walk-in incubator set to 12°C. Once columns were in position and treatments were established, we carefully injected 150 larvae by syringe into the bottom 2-cm of each column with no more than 2-mL of their culture water. Larvae were given 10 minutes in darkness to acclimate before we performed the first count of vertical positions of larvae in each water column. At 30 minutes of acclimation, we performed a second count of vertical positions of larvae in each column. For each larval count, we used a small hand-held flashlight and counted by eye the number of larvae occupying each centimeter of the water column beginning at the bottom and moving up to the top. We did these counts in the dark, so only one column received direct light from our small flashlight at a time to reduce the influence of light on the larvae’s behavior.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1538626 Award URL: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1538626
completed
Shawn M Arellano
Western Washington University
360-650-3634
Western Washington University Biology Department
Bellingham
WA
982214042
US
shawn.arellano@wwu.edu
pointOfContact
Dr Brady M. Olson
Western Washington University
(360) 650-7400
1900 Shannon Point Rd.
Anacortes
WA
98221
United States
Brady.Olson@wwu.edu
pointOfContact
Dr Sylvia Yang
Western Washington University
360-598-4460
SEA Discovery Center P.O. Box 2318
Poulsbo
WA
98370
Sylvia.yang@wwu.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
date
larvae_stage
larvae_treatment
column_treatment
column_name
count_id
height_cm
middepth_cm
larvae_count
proportion_larvae
theme
None, User defined
date_local
stage
treatment
sample identification
replicate
height
depth
count
relative abundance
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
RUI: Will climate change cause 'lazy larvae'? Effects of climate stressors on larval behavior and dispersal
https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/684167
RUI: Will climate change cause 'lazy larvae'? Effects of climate stressors on larval behavior and dispersal
<p>In the face of climate change, future distribution of animals will depend not only on whether they adjust to new conditions in their current habitat, but also on whether a species can spread to suitable locations in a changing habitat landscape. In the ocean, where most species have tiny drifting larval stages, dispersal between habitats is impacted by more than just ocean currents alone; the swimming behavior of larvae, the flow environment the larvae encounter, and the length of time the larvae spend in the water column all interact to impact the distance and direction of larval dispersal. The effects of climate change, especially ocean acidification, are already evident in shellfish species along the Pacific coast, where hatchery managers have noticed shellfish cultures with 'lazy larvae syndrome.' Under conditions of increased acidification, these 'lazy larvae' simply stop swimming; yet, larval swimming behavior is rarely incorporated into studies of ocean acidification. Furthermore, how ocean warming interacts with the effects of acidification on larvae and their swimming behaviors remains unexplored; indeed, warming could reverse 'lazy larvae syndrome.' This project uses a combination of manipulative laboratory experiments, computer modeling, and a real case study to examine whether the impacts of ocean warming and acidification on individual larvae may affect the distribution and restoration of populations of native oysters in the Salish Sea. The project will tightly couple research with undergraduate education at Western Washington University, a primarily undergraduate university, by employing student researchers, incorporating materials into undergraduate courses, and pairing marine science student interns with art student interns to develop art projects aimed at communicating the effects of climate change to public audiences</p>
<p>As studies of the effects of climate stress in the marine environment progress, impacts on individual-level performance must be placed in a larger ecological context. While future climate-induced circulation changes certainly will affect larval dispersal, the effects of climate-change stressors on individual larval traits alone may have equally important impacts, significantly altering larval transport and, ultimately, species distribution. This study will experimentally examine the relationship between combined climate stressors (warming and acidification) on planktonic larval duration, morphology, and swimming behavior; create models to generate testable hypotheses about the effects of these factors on larval dispersal that can be applied across systems; and, finally, use a bio-physically coupled larval transport model to examine whether climate-impacted larvae may affect the distribution and restoration of populations of native oysters in the Salish Sea.</p>
Climate stressors on larvae
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
biota
oceans
2017-07-18
2017-07-21
Coastal Pacific, USA
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Experimental counts and locations within columns of depth-varying pH to investigate the behavioral effects of ocean acidification on sand dollar larvae (Dendraster excentricus), July 2017
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752964.rdf
Name: date
Units: unitless
Description: Date of experiment formatted as yyyy-mm-dd
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752965.rdf
Name: larvae_stage
Units: unitless
Description: Stage of Dendraster excentricus larvae used in the experiment: 4-arm or 6-arm stage plutei
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752966.rdf
Name: larvae_treatment
Units: unitless
Description: Indicates the pCO2 treatment condition larvae were reared in from the time of spawning to the time of the experiment. "acidic" condition was treatment water maintained at 1500ppm and "neutral" condition was treatment water maintained at 400ppm.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752967.rdf
Name: column_treatment
Units: unitless
Description: Identifies the experimental treatment of the water column that larvae were placed into. The first word indicates the pCO2 condition of the water layer at the top of the column and the second word indicates the pCO2 condition of the water layer at the bottom of the column. "Acidic" water was bubbled to be 1500ppm and the "neutral" water was bubbled to be 400ppm.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752968.rdf
Name: column_name
Units: unitless
Description: code for: (1) the pCO2 treatment of the water in the top of the column (A or N); (2) the pCO2 treatment the larvae were reared within (A or N); (3) the pCO2 treatment of the water in the bottom of the column (A or N); and (4) the replicate number. "A"= acidic water that was bubbled to be 1500 pCO2; "N" = neutral water that was bubbled to be 400 pCO2
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752969.rdf
Name: count_id
Units: unitless
Description: Identifies the count number (1 or 2) per experimental date. The vertical positions of larvae in the columns were counted twice for each experiment; the first count at 10 minutes post larval introduction into the column and the second count at 30 minutes post larval introduction into the column.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752970.rdf
Name: height_cm
Units: centimeters
Description: The height above the bottom of the water column where larvae were counted
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752971.rdf
Name: middepth_cm
Units: centimeters
Description: Middepth of the section of the water column in which larvae were counted
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752972.rdf
Name: larvae_count
Units: # of larvae
Description: The number of larvae occupying that area of the water column during the count
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752973.rdf
Name: proportion_larvae
Units: unitless
Description: Proportion of total larvae occupying that area of the water column during the count
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/752953/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Spawning and fertilization:</p>
<p>We collected adult sand dollars (D. excentricus) from Semiahmoo Bay, WA, on July 7, 2017, and maintained them in 14°C continuous flowing seawater at the Shannon Point Marine Center. On July 12, 2017, we induced twelve individuals to spawn by injecting 1-mL of 0.5-M KCl into the coelom following methods outlined by Strathmann (1987).&nbsp; We then collected and mixed concentrated gametes of four males and four females for fertilization. We added five drops of sperm to 500-mL of filtered seawater and 5-mL of eggs. We placed the fertilized eggs in 12°C incubator and bubbled them with ambient pCO2 condition for 12-hrs before dividing the embryos into pCO2 treatment conditions before gastrulation.</p>
<p>Larval Rearing</p>
<p>We reared D. excentricus larvae (2 individuals mL-1) at 12°C in eight 3-L jars that were individually bubbled with CO2 to achieve four replicates of ambient (400ppm) and acidic (1500ppm) pCO2 conditions. Each jar of larvae received a water change with pre-equilibrated 0.35-m filtered ambient and acidic seawater and fed the larvae D. tertiolecta (6,000 cells ml-1) daily. Pre-equilibrated ambient and acidic water was held in tanks within the same 12°C incubator as the rearing jars.</p>
<p>Experimental Design</p>
<p>We conducted two behavioral experiments; one when the larvae were 4-arm pleutei and one when the larvae were 6-armed pleutei.</p>
<p>To measure the effect of pH conditions on the vertical distribution of larvae we established three experimental pycnocline treatments within clear plexiglass water columns (2.5cm x 2.5cm x 30cm): (1) ambient water (400ppm) in the top layer and acidic water in the bottom layer (1500ppm), (2) ambient water (400ppm) in both top and bottom layers, and (3) acidic water (1500ppm) in the top layer and ambient water (400ppm) in the bottom layer. Each water layer was 60-mL of water and filled the column 10-cm high, so when each experimental treatment was established it filled the column to 20-cm. We established the experimental treatments by increasing the density of seawater in the bottom layer by 0.003-0.005 g ml-1 using PercollTM GE Healthcare (Podolsky &amp; Emlet 1993). Experimental treatment water was kept at 12°C and pre-equilibrated to the desired pCO2 level and density. We also included blue food coloring (1 drop per 100-mL) to the dense bottom layer to more easily visualize the density layers while establishing experimental treatments. We set-up four replicate columns for each experimental treatment making twelve columns total per experiment.</p>
<p>Columns were positioned in a randomized order along the table of a walk-in incubator set to 12°C. Once columns were in position and treatments were established, we carefully injected 150 larvae by syringe into the bottom 2-cm of each column with no more than 2-mL of their culture water. Larvae were given 10 minutes in darkness to acclimate before we performed the first count of vertical positions of larvae in each water column. At 30 minutes of acclimation, we performed a second count of vertical positions of larvae in each column. For each larval count, we used a small hand-held flashlight and counted by eye the number of larvae occupying each centimeter of the water column beginning at the bottom and moving up to the top. We did these counts in the dark, so only one column received direct light from our small flashlight at a time to reduce the influence of light on the larvae’s behavior.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p><strong>BCO-DMO Processing Notes:</strong><br />
- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date<br />
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions<br />
- reformatted date from m/d/yy to yyyy-mm-dd</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact