http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3092
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2010-08-19
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Time series composite CTD profiles from R/V Hermano Ginés cruises in the Cariaco Basin from 1995 through 2017 (CARIACO Ocean Time-Series Program)
2019-06-04
publication
2019-06-04
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2019-06-06
publication
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3092.1
Dr Frank Muller-Karger
University of South Florida
principalInvestigator
Yrene Astor
Estacion de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita
principalInvestigator
Dr Claudia Benitez-Nelson
University of South Carolina
principalInvestigator
Dr Mary I. Scranton
Stony Brook University - MSRC
principalInvestigator
Dr Gordon T. Taylor
Stony Brook University - MSRC
principalInvestigator
Dr Robert C. Thunell
University of South Carolina
principalInvestigator
Ramon Varela
Estacion de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita
principalInvestigator
Juan Capelo
Estacion de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita
principalInvestigator
Laurencia Guzman
Estacion de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita
principalInvestigator
Laura Lorenzoni
University of South Florida
principalInvestigator
Enrique Montes
University of South Florida
principalInvestigator
Jaimie Rojas
Estacion de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita
principalInvestigator
Digna Rueda-Roa
University of South Florida
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
documentDigital
Cite this dataset as: Muller-Karger, F., Muller-Karger, F., Thunell, R., Scranton, M., Taylor, G., Benitez-Nelson, C., Astor, Y., Varela, R., Montes, E., Rojas, J., Guzman, L., Capelo, J., Lorenzoni, L., Rueda-Roa, D. (2019) Time series composite CTD profiles from R/V Hermano Ginés cruises in the Cariaco Basin from 1995 through 2017 (CARIACO Ocean Time-Series Program). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Dataset version 2019-06-04 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3092.1 [access date]
CARIACO time series composite CTD profiles Dataset Description: <p>The CARIACO Ocean Time-Series Program (formerly known as CArbon Retention In A Colored Ocean) started on November 1995 (CAR-001) and ended on January 2017 (CAR-232). Monthly cruises were conducted to the CARIACO station (10.50° N, 64.67° W) onboard the R/V Hermano Ginés of the Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales de Venezuela. During each cruise, a minimum of four hydrocasts were performed to collect a suite of core monthly observations. We conducted separate shallow and deep casts to obtain a better vertical resolution of in-situ Niskin-bottles samples for chemical observations, and for productivity, phytoplankton, and pigment observations. One CTD composite profile was created for each cruise by stitching together the sections of the different cruise's CTD profiles at the depth interval where water samples were obtained. CTD’s Salinity, Oxygen, and Fluorescence where calibrated with in-situ measurements. The composite CTD profiles dataset is a complement of the hydrographic time series data obtained with the Niskin Bottle Samples (https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3093). The following sections describe the methods used in collecting the core observations at the CARIACO station.<br />
<br />
Methodology published at CARIACO site (http://imars.usf.edu/publications/methods-cariaco)</p>
<p>CARIACO Field Program general description (http://www.imars.usf.edu/cariaco)</p>
<p>Additional funding support provided by:<br />
Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Investigación, FONACIT (2000001702 and 2011000353), Venezuela.<br />
Ley Orgánica de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, LOCTI (Estación de Investigaciones Marinas, 23914), Venezuela.<br />
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, IAI (IAI-CRN3094).</p> Acquisition Description: <p>Hydrocasts: CTD and Rosette Sample<br />
During each cruise, a minimum of four hydrocasts were performed to collect a suite of core monthly observations. Additional hydrocasts were performed for specific process studies. We conducted separate shallow and deep casts to obtain better vertical resolution for chemical observations, and for productivity and pigment observations. Water was collected with a SeaBird rosette equipped with 12 (8 liter) teflon-coated Niskin bottles (bottle springs were also teflon-coated) at 20 depths between the surface and 1310 m. The rosette housed the CTD, which collected continuous profiles of temperature and salinity. The CTD also had a SBE-43 oxygen probe, a Wetlabs ECO fluorometer outfitted for chlorophyll-a estimates, and a C-Star transmissometer (660 nm, Wetlabs). Beam attenuation measurements were added to the time series on its 11th cruise (November 1986) originally using a SeaTech transmissometer. The rosette was controlled with a SeaBird deck unit via conducting cable, but alternatively it had been actuated automatically based on pressure recordings via an Autofire Module (SBE AFM) when breaks in cable conductivity had occurred.<br />
<br />
Between November 1995 and September 1996, three separate SBE-19 CTDs were used in repeated casts until a reliable salinity profile was obtained below the oxycline. The SBE-19 model CTDs frequently failed to provide reliable conductivity values below the oxycline in the Cariaco Basin. Starting in September 1996, the SBE-19 CTDs were replaced by SBE-25 CTDs, which provided extremely accurate and reliable data in anoxic waters.<br />
<br />
All CTDs were calibrated at the Sea-Bird factory once per year. The accuracy of the pressure sensor was 3.5 m and had a resolution of 0.7 m. The temperatures accuracy was 0.002°C with a resolution of 0.0003°C. The conductivity accuracy was 0.003 mmho/cm with a resolution of 0.0004 mmho/cm.<br />
<br />
Discrete Salinity<br />
Continuous salinity profiles were calculated from the CTD measurements. Discrete salinity samples were analyzed using a Guildline Portasal 8410 salinometer standardized with IAPSO Standard Seawater, with a precision of better than ± 0.003 and a resolution of 0.0003 mS/cm at 15° C and 35 psu, the accuracy was ±0.003 at the same set point temperature as standardization and within -2° and +4°C of ambient. These salinity values were used to check, and when necessary calibrate, the CTD salinity profiles.<br />
<br />
Discrete Oxygen<br />
Continuous dissolved oxygen (O2) profiles were obtained with a SBE-43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor coupled to the SBE-25 CTD. Discrete oxygen samples were collected in duplicate using glass-stoppered bottles and analyzed by Winkler titration (Strickland and Parsons, 1972, as modified by Aminot, 1983). The analytical precision for discrete oxygen analysis was ±3 mM, based on analysis of duplicate samples, with a detection limit of 5 mM.&nbsp;The in-situ oxygen values were used to check, and when necessary calibrate, the CTD oxygen profiles.</p>
<p>Discrete Chlorophyll<br />
Continuous fluorescence profiles were obtained with a Sea Tech Fluorometer coupled to the SBE-25 CTD. Discrete chlorophyll samples were immediately filtered through 25 mm Whatman GF/F filters in triplicate and frozen. The chlorophyll-a determination followed Holm-Hansen et al. (1965), and the calculations were done as indicated in Lorenzen (1966). Among the modifications are the use of methanol instead of acetone as an extraction solvent due to its greater efficiency (Holm-Hansen and Riemann, 1978) and the use of a sonic dismembrator (Wright et al., 1997). The method applies to all ranges of chlorophyll-a concentration found in seawater. The method detection limit is 0.01 μg L-1 for natural waters (for a 0.5 L sample). Fluorescence profiles were calibrated with in-situ chlorophyll-a and it is presented in its native units of RFU (fluor_CTD) and also in micrograms/m^3 (fluor_chla).</p>
Funding provided by Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación of Venezuela (FONACIT) Award Number: unknown CARIACO FONACIT
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-9401537 Award URL: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=9401537
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-9729697 Award URL: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=9729697
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0326268 Award URL: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0326268
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-9216626 Award URL: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=9216626
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-9711318 Award URL: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=9711318
Funding provided by National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) Award Number: NAS5-97128
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-9415790 Award URL: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=9415790
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-9729284 Award URL: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=9729284
Funding provided by National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) Award Number: NAG5-6448
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0963028 Award URL: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0963028
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0752139 Award URL: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0752139
Funding provided by Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación of Venezuela (FONACIT) Award Number: 96280221
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: unknown CARIACO NSF OCE
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0326313 Award URL: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0326313
Funding provided by National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) Award Number: NNX14AP62A Award URL: https://federalreporter.nih.gov/Projects/Details/?projectId=674021
onGoing
Dr Frank Muller-Karger
University of South Florida
(727) 553-3335
College of Marine Science 140 7th Avenue South
St Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
carib@marine.usf.edu
pointOfContact
Yrene Astor
Estacion de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita
Venezuela
yastor@edimar.org
pointOfContact
Dr Claudia Benitez-Nelson
University of South Carolina
(803) 777-0018
Department of Earth and Ocean Science 700 Sumter Street, EWS 408
Columbia
SC
29208
cbnelson@geol.sc.edu
pointOfContact
Dr Mary I. Scranton
Stony Brook University - MSRC
631-632-8735
Stony Brook University
Stony Brook
NY
11794-5000
USA
mscranton@notes.cc.sunysb.edu
pointOfContact
Dr Gordon T. Taylor
Stony Brook University - MSRC
631-632-8688
Stony Brook University School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences
Stony Brook
NY
11794-5000
USA
gordon.taylor@stonybrook.edu
pointOfContact
Dr Robert C. Thunell
University of South Carolina
803-777-7593
Department of Geological Sciences, University of South Carolina 700 Sumter Street
Columbia
SC
29208
USA
thunell@geol.sc.edu
pointOfContact
Ramon Varela
Estacion de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita
Venezuela
rvarela@edimar.org
pointOfContact
Juan Capelo
Estacion de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita
pointOfContact
Laurencia Guzman
Estacion de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita
pointOfContact
Laura Lorenzoni
University of South Florida
727-553-3987
University of South Florida 140th 7th Av. South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
laural@marine.usf.edu
pointOfContact
Enrique Montes
University of South Florida
pointOfContact
Jaimie Rojas
Estacion de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita
pointOfContact
Digna Rueda-Roa
University of South Florida
University of South Florida College of Marine Science
St. Petersburg
FL
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
cruise_no
Cruise_ID1
Cruise_ID2
Year
Month
Day
Date
press
depth
temp
sal
potemp
sigma_t
sigma_0
O2_ml_L
beam_cp
beam_att
fluor_CTD
fluor_chla
Latitude
Longitude
SBE-19
SBE-25
Sea Tech Fluorometer
SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
Wet Labs CSTAR Transmissometer
theme
None, User defined
no standard parameter
year
month of year
day of month
date
water pressure
depth
water temperature
salinity calculated from CTD primary sensors
potential temperature
sigma-t
sigma-theta
dissolved Oxygen
beam attenuation
fluorescence
chlorophyll a
latitude
longitude
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
CTD Sea-Bird SEACAT 19
CTD Sea-Bird 25
Sea Tech Fluorometer
Sea-Bird SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
Wet Labs CSTAR Transmissometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
HG93_CARIACO
service
Deployment Activity
CARIACO basin
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
http://us-ocb.org/
Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
The Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) program focuses on the ocean's role as a component of the global Earth system, bringing together research in geochemistry, ocean physics, and ecology that inform on and advance our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry. The overall program goals are to promote, plan, and coordinate collaborative, multidisciplinary research opportunities within the U.S. research community and with international partners. Important OCB-related activities currently include: the Ocean Carbon and Climate Change (OCCC) and the North American Carbon Program (NACP); U.S. contributions to IMBER, SOLAS, CARBOOCEAN; and numerous U.S. single-investigator and medium-size research projects funded by U.S. federal agencies including NASA, NOAA, and NSF.
The scientific mission of OCB is to study the evolving role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle, in the face of environmental variability and change through studies of marine biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystems.
The overarching OCB science themes include improved understanding and prediction of: 1) oceanic uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases and 2) environmental sensitivities of biogeochemical cycles, marine ecosystems, and interactions between the two.
The OCB Research Priorities (updated January 2012) include: ocean acidification; terrestrial/coastal carbon fluxes and exchanges; climate sensitivities of and change in ecosystem structure and associated impacts on biogeochemical cycles; mesopelagic ecological and biogeochemical interactions; benthic-pelagic feedbacks on biogeochemical cycles; ocean carbon uptake and storage; and expanding low-oxygen conditions in the coastal and open oceans.
OCB
largerWorkCitation
program
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
The United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study was a national component of international JGOFS and an integral part of global climate change research.
The U.S. launched the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the late 1980s to study the ocean carbon cycle. An ambitious goal was set to understand the controls on the concentrations and fluxes of carbon and associated nutrients in the ocean. A new field of ocean biogeochemistry emerged with an emphasis on quality measurements of carbon system parameters and interdisciplinary field studies of the biological, chemical and physical process which control the ocean carbon cycle. As we studied ocean biogeochemistry, we learned that our simple views of carbon uptake and transport were severely limited, and a new "wave" of ocean science was born. U.S. JGOFS has been supported primarily by the U.S. National Science Foundation in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. U.S. JGOFS, ended in 2005 with the conclusion of the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP).
U.S. JGOFS
largerWorkCitation
program
Ocean Time-series Sites
https://www.bco-dmo.org/program/562656
Ocean Time-series Sites
Program description text taken from Chapter 1: Introduction from the Global Intercomparability in a Changing Ocean: An International Time-Series Methods Workshop report published following the workshop held November 28-30, 2012 at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences. The full report is available from the workshop Web site hosted by US OCB: http://www.whoi.edu/website/TS-workshop/home
Decades of research have demonstrated that the ocean varies across a range of time scales, with anthropogenic forcing contributing an added layer of complexity. In a growing effort to distinguish between natural and human-induced earth system variability, sustained ocean time-series measurements have taken on a renewed importance. Shipboard biogeochemical time-series represent one of the most valuable tools scientists have to characterize and quantify ocean carbon fluxes and biogeochemical processes and their links to changing climate (Karl, 2010; Chavez et al., 2011; Church et al., 2013). They provide the oceanographic community with the long, temporally resolved datasets needed to characterize ocean climate, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem change.
The temporal scale of shifts in marine ecosystem variations in response to climate change are on the order of several decades. The long-term, consistent and comprehensive monitoring programs conducted by time-series sites are essential to understand large-scale atmosphere-ocean interactions that occur on interannual to decadal time scales. Ocean time-series represent one of the most valuable tools scientists have to characterize and quantify ocean carbon fluxes and biogeochemical processes and their links to changing climate.
Launched in the late 1980s, the US JGOFS (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; http://usjgofs.whoi.edu) research program initiated two time-series measurement programs at Hawaii and Bermuda (HOT and BATS, respectively) to measure key oceanographic measurements in oligotrophic waters. Begun in 1995 as part of the US JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project, the CARIACO Ocean Time-Series (formerly known as the CArbon Retention In A Colored Ocean) Program has studied the relationship between surface primary production, physical forcing variables like the wind, and the settling flux of particulate carbon in the Cariaco Basin.
The objective of these time-series effort is to provide well-sampled seasonal resolution of biogeochemical variability at a limited number of ocean observatories, provide support and background measurements for process-oriented research, as well as test and validate observations for biogeochemical models. Since their creation, the BATS, CARIACO and HOT time-series site data have been available for use by a large community of researchers.
Data from those three US funded, ship-based, time-series sites can be accessed at each site directly or by selecting the site name from the Projects section below.
Ocean Time-series
largerWorkCitation
program
CARIACO Ocean Time-Series Program
http://www.imars.usf.edu/CAR/index.html
CARIACO Ocean Time-Series Program
<p>Since 1995, the CARIACO Ocean Time-Series (formerly known as the CArbon Retention In A Colored Ocean) Program has studied the relationship between surface primary production, physical forcing variables like the wind, and the settling flux of particulate carbon in the Cariaco Basin. This depression, located on the continental shelf of Venezuela (Map), shows marked seasonal and interannual variation in hydrographic properties and primary production (carbon fixation rates by photosynthesis of planktonic algae).</p>
<p>This peculiar basin is anoxic below ~250 m, due its restricted circulation and high primary production <a href="http://www.imars.usf.edu/CAR/ar.html#Muller-Karger-2001">(Muller-Karger et al., 2001)</a>. CARIACO observations show annual primary production rates exceed 500 gC/m<sup>2</sup>y, of which over 15-20% can be accounted for by events lasting one month or less. Such events are observed in other locations where time series observations are collected, and suggest that prior estimates of regional production based on limited sampling may have been underestimated. The annual primary production rates in the Cariaco Basin are comparable to rates estimated using time series observations for Monterey Bay (460 gC/m<sup>2</sup>y; <a href="http://www.imars.usf.edu/CAR/ar.html#Chavez">Chavez, 1996</a>), and higher than previous rates estimated for Georges Bank, the New York Shelf, and the Oregon Shelf (380, 300, and 190 gC/m<sup>2</sup>y, respectively; <a href="http://www.imars.usf.edu/CAR/ar.html#Walsh-1988">Walsh, 1988</a>).</p>
<p>The Cariaco Basin has long been the center of attention of scientists trying to explain paleoclimate. Due to its high rates of sedimentation (30 to >100 cm/ky; <a href="http://www.imars.usf.edu/CAR/ar.html#Peterson-2000">Peterson et al., 2000</a>) and excellent preservation, the varved sediments of the Cariaco Basin offer the opportunity to study high resolution paleoclimate and better understand the role of the tropics in global climate change ( <a href="http://www.imars.usf.edu/CAR/ar.html#Black">Black et al., 1999;</a> <a href="http://www.imars.usf.edu/CAR/ar.html#Peterson-2000">Peterson et al., 2000;</a> <a href="http://www.imars.usf.edu/CAR/ar.html#Haug-2001">Haug et al., 2001;</a> <a href="http://www.imars.usf.edu/CAR/ar.html#Black-2004">Black et al., 2004;</a> <a href="http://www.imars.usf.edu/CAR/ar.html#Hughen-2004">Hughen et al., 2004</a> ).</p>
<p>Now, the CARIACO program provides a link between the sediment record and processes near the surface of the ocean. Sediment traps maintained by the CARIACO program show that over 5% of autochtonous material reaches 275 m depth, and that nearly 2% reaches 1,400 m. The significance of this flux is that it represents a sink for carbon and that it helps explain the record of ancient climate stored at the bottom of the Cariaco Basin.</p>
<p>Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and Venezuela's Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (FONACIT). For more information please see this <a href="http://www.imars.usf.edu/CAR/ar.html#Acknowledgments">Acknowledgements</a> link.</p>
CARIACO
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
CARIACO basin
-64.735
-64.367
10.492
10.683
1995-11-08
2013-03-13
CARIACO basin
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Time series composite CTD profiles from R/V Hermano Ginés cruises in the Cariaco Basin from 1995 through 2017 (CARIACO Ocean Time-Series Program)
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769454.rdf
Name: cruise_no
Units: integer
Description: number of CARIACO cruise
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769455.rdf
Name: Cruise_ID1
Units: alphanumeric
Description: cruise ID for OCB
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769456.rdf
Name: Cruise_ID2
Units: alphanumeric
Description: cruise ID for the CARIACO project
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769457.rdf
Name: Year
Units: unitless
Description: year of sampling
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769458.rdf
Name: Month
Units: unitless
Description: month of sampling
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769459.rdf
Name: Day
Units: unitless
Description: day of sampling
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769460.rdf
Name: Date
Units: unitless
Description: date of sampling (local time)
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769461.rdf
Name: press
Units: decibars
Description: pressure from CTD
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769462.rdf
Name: depth
Units: meters
Description: depth from CTD
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769463.rdf
Name: temp
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: temperature from CTD ITS-90
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769464.rdf
Name: sal
Units: PSU
Description: salinity from CTD PSS-78 (PSU)
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769465.rdf
Name: potemp
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: potential temperature ITS-90
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769466.rdf
Name: sigma_t
Units: kilograms/meter^3
Description: density sigma-t
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769467.rdf
Name: sigma_0
Units: kilograms/meter^3
Description: sigma theta (potential density)
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769468.rdf
Name: O2_ml_L
Units: milliliters/liter
Description: oxygen dissolved from SBE 43 CTD
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769469.rdf
Name: beam_cp
Units: 1/meter
Description: particulate beam attenuation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769470.rdf
Name: beam_att
Units: 1/meter
Description: beam attenuation coefficient
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769471.rdf
Name: fluor_CTD
Units: RFU
Description: CTD relative fluorescence
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769472.rdf
Name: fluor_chla
Units: micrograms/meter^3
Description: fluorescence rescaled units are numerically equivalent to chlorophyll-a concentrations
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769473.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: latitude with positive values indicating North
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/769474.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: longitude with positive values indicating East
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3092/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Hydrocasts: CTD and Rosette Sample<br />
During each cruise, a minimum of four hydrocasts were performed to collect a suite of core monthly observations. Additional hydrocasts were performed for specific process studies. We conducted separate shallow and deep casts to obtain better vertical resolution for chemical observations, and for productivity and pigment observations. Water was collected with a SeaBird rosette equipped with 12 (8 liter) teflon-coated Niskin bottles (bottle springs were also teflon-coated) at 20 depths between the surface and 1310 m. The rosette housed the CTD, which collected continuous profiles of temperature and salinity. The CTD also had a SBE-43 oxygen probe, a Wetlabs ECO fluorometer outfitted for chlorophyll-a estimates, and a C-Star transmissometer (660 nm, Wetlabs). Beam attenuation measurements were added to the time series on its 11th cruise (November 1986) originally using a SeaTech transmissometer. The rosette was controlled with a SeaBird deck unit via conducting cable, but alternatively it had been actuated automatically based on pressure recordings via an Autofire Module (SBE AFM) when breaks in cable conductivity had occurred.<br />
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Between November 1995 and September 1996, three separate SBE-19 CTDs were used in repeated casts until a reliable salinity profile was obtained below the oxycline. The SBE-19 model CTDs frequently failed to provide reliable conductivity values below the oxycline in the Cariaco Basin. Starting in September 1996, the SBE-19 CTDs were replaced by SBE-25 CTDs, which provided extremely accurate and reliable data in anoxic waters.<br />
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All CTDs were calibrated at the Sea-Bird factory once per year. The accuracy of the pressure sensor was 3.5 m and had a resolution of 0.7 m. The temperatures accuracy was 0.002°C with a resolution of 0.0003°C. The conductivity accuracy was 0.003 mmho/cm with a resolution of 0.0004 mmho/cm.<br />
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Discrete Salinity<br />
Continuous salinity profiles were calculated from the CTD measurements. Discrete salinity samples were analyzed using a Guildline Portasal 8410 salinometer standardized with IAPSO Standard Seawater, with a precision of better than ± 0.003 and a resolution of 0.0003 mS/cm at 15° C and 35 psu, the accuracy was ±0.003 at the same set point temperature as standardization and within -2° and +4°C of ambient. These salinity values were used to check, and when necessary calibrate, the CTD salinity profiles.<br />
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Discrete Oxygen<br />
Continuous dissolved oxygen (O2) profiles were obtained with a SBE-43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor coupled to the SBE-25 CTD. Discrete oxygen samples were collected in duplicate using glass-stoppered bottles and analyzed by Winkler titration (Strickland and Parsons, 1972, as modified by Aminot, 1983). The analytical precision for discrete oxygen analysis was ±3 mM, based on analysis of duplicate samples, with a detection limit of 5 mM.&nbsp;The in-situ oxygen values were used to check, and when necessary calibrate, the CTD oxygen profiles.</p>
<p>Discrete Chlorophyll<br />
Continuous fluorescence profiles were obtained with a Sea Tech Fluorometer coupled to the SBE-25 CTD. Discrete chlorophyll samples were immediately filtered through 25 mm Whatman GF/F filters in triplicate and frozen. The chlorophyll-a determination followed Holm-Hansen et al. (1965), and the calculations were done as indicated in Lorenzen (1966). Among the modifications are the use of methanol instead of acetone as an extraction solvent due to its greater efficiency (Holm-Hansen and Riemann, 1978) and the use of a sonic dismembrator (Wright et al., 1997). The method applies to all ranges of chlorophyll-a concentration found in seawater. The method detection limit is 0.01 μg L-1 for natural waters (for a 0.5 L sample). Fluorescence profiles were calibrated with in-situ chlorophyll-a and it is presented in its native units of RFU (fluor_CTD) and also in micrograms/m^3 (fluor_chla).</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>BCO-DMO Processing Notes:<br />
- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date<br />
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions<br />
- added latitude and longitude information from additional LatLon.csv file.<br />
- reformatted the date from yyyymmdd to ISO convention yyyy-mm-dd<br />
- additional information about the previous versions can be found at OCB DMO processing notes.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
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7.x-1.1
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SBE-19
SBE-19
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SBE-19 PI Supplied Instrument Description:SBE-19 Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird SEACAT 19 Instrument Short Name:CTD SBE 19 Instrument Description: The Sea-Bird SBE 19 SEACAT Recorder measures conductivity, temperature, and pressure (depth). The SEACAT is self-powered and self-contained and can be deployed in profiling or moored mode. The SBE 19 SEACAT was replaced in 2001 by the 19plus. more information from Sea-Bird Electronics Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0042/
SBE-25
SBE-25
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SBE-25 PI Supplied Instrument Description:SBE-25 Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird 25 Instrument Short Name:CTD SBE 25 Instrument Description: The Sea-Bird SBE 25 SEALOGGER CTD is battery powered and is typically used to record data in memory, eliminating the need for a large vessel, electrical sea cable, and on-board computer. All SBE 25s can also operate in real-time, transmitting data via an opto-isolated RS-232 serial port. Temperature and conductivity are measured by the SBE 3F Temperature sensor and SBE 4 Conductivity sensor (same as those used on the premium SBE 9plus CTD). The SBE 25 also includes the SBE 5P (plastic) or 5T (titanium) Submersible Pump and TC Duct. The pump-controlled, TC-ducted flow configuration significantly reduces salinity spiking caused by ship heave, and in calm waters allows slower descent rates for improved resolution of water column features. Pressure is measured by the modular SBE 29 Temperature Compensated Strain-Gauge Pressure sensor (available in eight depth ranges to suit the operating depth requirement). The SBE 25's modular design makes it easy to configure in the field for a wide range of auxiliary sensors, including optional dissolved oxygen (SBE 43), pH (SBE 18 or SBE 27), fluorescence, transmissivity, PAR, and optical backscatter sensors. More information from Sea-Bird Electronics: http:www.seabird.com. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0040/
Sea Tech Fluorometer
Sea Tech Fluorometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Sea Tech Fluorometer Instrument Name: Sea Tech Fluorometer Instrument Short Name:Sea Tech Fluorometer Instrument Description: The Sea Tech chlorophyll-a fluorometer has internally selectable settings to adjust for different ranges of chlorophyll concentration, and is designed to measure chlorophyll-a fluorescence in situ. The instrument is stable with time and temperature and uses specially selected optical filters enabling accurate measurements of chlorophyll a. It can be deployed in moored or profiling mode. This instrument designation is used when specific make and model are not known. The Sea Tech Fluorometer was manufactured by Sea Tech, Inc. (Corvalis, OR, USA). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/113/
SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Instrument Name: Sea-Bird SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Instrument Short Name:SBE-43 DO Instrument Description: The Sea-Bird SBE 43 dissolved oxygen sensor is a redesign of the Clark polarographic membrane type of dissolved oxygen sensors. more information from Sea-Bird Electronics Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0036/
Wet Labs CSTAR Transmissometer
Wet Labs CSTAR Transmissometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Wet Labs CSTAR Transmissometer Instrument Name: Wet Labs CSTAR Transmissometer Instrument Short Name:WL CSTAR Trans Instrument Description: A highly integrated opto-electronic design to provide a low cost, compact solution for underwater measurements of beam transmittance. The instrument is capable of either free space measurements, or through the use of an optical flow tube, flow-through sampling with a pump. It can be used in profiling, moored, or underway applications. more information from Wet Labs Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0160/
Cruise: HG93_CARIACO
HG93_CARIACO
B/O Hermano Gines
vessel
B/O Hermano Gines
vessel