Silicon isotopes indicate enhanced carbon export efficiency in the North Atlantic during deglaciation

Abstract

Today's Sargasso Sea is nutrient-starved, except for episodic upwelling events caused by wind-driven winter mixing and eddies. Enhanced diatom opal burial in Sargasso Sea sediments indicates that silicic acid, a limiting nutrient today, may have been more available in subsurface waters during Heinrich Stadials, the millennial-scale climate perturbations of the last glacial and deglaciation. Here we use the geochemistry of opalforming organisms from different water depths to demonstrate changes in silicic acid supply and utilisation during the most recent Heinrich Stadial. We suggest that during the early phase (17.5-18 ka), wind-driven upwelling replenished silicic acid to the subsurface, resulting in low Si utilisation. By 17ka, stratification reduced the surface silicic acid supply and increased Si utilization efficiency. This abrupt shift in Si cycling would have contributed to high regional carbon export efficiency during the recent Heinrich Stadial, despite being a period of increasing atmospheric CO2.