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\title{Supplementary data for ``Eruptions at Lone Star Geyser, Yellowstone National Park, USA, Part 1: Energetics and Eruption Dynamics''}
%\author{Leif Karlstrom}

\begin{document}
\maketitle

Complete discharge data for all phases of the Lone Star eruption cycle is provided in the attached MS Excel spreadsheet. The  two figures and table here provide background on Lone Star water major element and isotope geochemistry, water temperature calculation and error estimates for Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) video processing presented in the main text.

 \begin{figure}
 \noindent\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{IsotopeSuppFig1.pdf}
 \caption{Water isotope composition of Lone Star geyser waters from an eruption starting at 13:38 MDT on 8 April 2012. Blue symbols represent samples collected at the base of the cone above the eastern drainage channel. The first sample collected (YNP080412LSE1) is the lightest (least evaporated), and as the eruption progressed, the isotopic composition shifted to heavier values. The temporal trend of the isotopic composition correlates with SiO$_2$ concentration; as the isotopic composition shifts to larger values (more evaporation) SiO$_2$ concentrations increase. The $T_{\rm quartz}$ values represent reservoir temperatures calculated using equation 1. The three temperature values for each sample assume no evaporation, * 5$\%$ evaporation, and ** 15$\%$ evaporation. The red symbols represent samples that were collected $\sim$20 m away from the cone in the western channel and represent higher degrees of evaporation. There is no temporal trend within these four samples. The magenta star represents the estimated composition of the deep parent fluid from \cite{Bergfeld:2012aa}. The meteoric water line is based on data from \cite{Kharaka:2002aa} and the dashed line is a best fit through the data and represents evaporation.}
 \label{JetAng}
 \end{figure} 
 
  \begin{figure}
 \noindent\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{PIVResolutionTest.pdf}
 \caption{Resolution tests for PIV calculations, performed by varying the vertical dimension $W$ (in number of pixels) of the Region of Interest (ROI) in which cross--correlations are performed on a 10 s window of Lone Star main eruption, during most vigorous activity ($\sim 7$ min after the onset of eruption in figure 7 of the main text). These tests provide a means of evaluating the possibility that particular jet structures (or falling droplets) affect PIV velocity estimates. Panel (a) shows that $W$ greater than 128 pixels does not change the average PIV velocity per frame significantly, thus justifying the use of 128 pixels for processing the entire eruption. Panel (b) compares the average of PIV derived maximum velocity per frame and mean velocity per frame in this 10 s dataset along with standard deviations. We see that relative variation among maximum PIV velocity estimates is much greater than differences in the mean velocity, with estimates from $W$ = 64, 128 and 256 pixels all within one standard deviation of each other. We use the relative variance as a measure of PIV error  (overestimation of 5--10 m/s for max velocity magnitudes and 1--2 m/s for mean velocity).  }
 \label{JetAng}
 \end{figure} 

 \begin{table}
%\begin{center}
\scalebox{0.75}{%
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c}
\hline
        & Na & K & Mg & Ca & Li  & Al & As & SiO$_2$ & B & HCO$_3$ & F & Cl & SO$_4$ & Br & RE& T$_{Quartz} (^{\circ}C)$ &T$_{Na-K} (^{\circ}C)$ \\
\hline
\textbf{East stream} & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\
YNP080412--LSE1& 342& 18 &$<$0.02 &1.4 &2.5 &0.3& 1.3 &263 &5.4 &188 &15.8& 438 &19.9& 1.2 &--6$\%$ &184 &168\\
YNP080412--LSE2& 360& 19 &$<$0.02 &1.5& 2.6 &0.3 &1.3 &276& 5.6 &189 &16.7 &459 &21.0 &1.2 &--4$\%$& 187&168\\
YNP080412--LSE3 &367& 17& $<$0.02 &1.6& 2.7 &0.3 &1.3 &278& 5.7& 201& 16.8& 465& 21.3 &1.3& --5$\%$& 187&159\\
YNP080412--LSE4& 369& 17 &$<$0.02& 1.8& 2.8& 0.2 &1.4 &278& 5.7 &201 &16.9 &470 &22.4 &1.3& --5$\%$ &187&158\\
YNP080412--LSE5 &376& 16& $<$0.02& 2.0& 2.8& 0.3 &1.4& 283& 5.8 &201& 17.3 &479 &22.4 &1.3 &--5$\%$ &188&153\\
YNP080412--LSE6 &386 &18& $<$0.02 &1.6& 2.9& 0.3& 1.4& 291& 5.9& 203 &17.7 &490& 23.1& 1.4 &--4$\%$ &190&159\\
\textbf{West stream} & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\
YNP080412--LSW1 &387 &20& 0.508 &1.7 &2.8& 0.2 &1.4& 264 &5.8& 211& 17.8 &502 &26.8& 1.3& --7$\%$ &184&166\\
YNP080412--LSW2 &376 &20& $<$0.02& 1.4 &2.7& 0.2 &1.4 &262 &5.7 &207& 17.3 &481 &24.1& 1.3 &--6$\%$ &184&168\\
YNP080412--LSW3 &380& 20 &$<$0.02 &1.5 &2.8 &0.2 &1.4 &272& 5.8 &208& 17.8& 493& 25.1 &1.3 &--7$\%$ &186&168\\
YNP080412--LSW4& 391& 20& $<$0.02& 1.6& 2.9 &0.2& 1.5& 283 &5.9 &212& 18.0& 498 &26.0 &1.4 &--5$\%$ &188&166\\
YNP080412--LSW5 &352 &17 &$<$0.02& 1.6& 2.6 &0.3 &1.3 &255& 5.4& 195 &16.2 &447 &22.9 &1.2 &--5$\%$ &182&162\\ 
Average  & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &186&163\\
Stdev  & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &2&5\\
Tmax  & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &190&167\\
\hline
\end{tabular}}
%\end{center}
\label{Geochem}
\caption{Concentrations (in mg/l) of major elements in Lone Star geyser waters, measured April 8, 2012. Channel names refer to Figure 1b in the main text. RE -- Reaction Error. We note that the first sample under ``West Stream'' is from a nearby hot spring, not the geyser.}
\end{table} 



%\bibliography{JetDynamics}	
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\begin{thebibliography}{2}
\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}
\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax
  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else
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  \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi

\bibitem[{\textit{Bergfeld et~al.}(2012)\textit{Bergfeld, Evans, Lowenstern,
  and Hurwitz}}]{Bergfeld:2012aa}
Bergfeld, D., W.~Evans, J.~Lowenstern, and S.~Hurwitz (2012), Carbon dioxide
  and hydrogen sulfide degassing and cryptic thermal input to Brimstone Basin,
  Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, \textit{Chemical Geology}, \textit{330},
  233--243.

\bibitem[{\textit{Kharaka et~al.}(2002)\textit{Kharaka, Thordsen, and
  White}}]{Kharaka:2002aa}
Kharaka, Y., J.~Thordsen, and L.~White (2002), Isotope and chemical
  compositions of meteoric and thermal waters and snow from the greater
  Yellowstone National Park region, \textit{US Geological Survey Open-File
  Report}, \textit{02-194}, 75.

\end{thebibliography}

\end{document} 