Auxiliary Material for Paper 2011JC007165 Argo array observation of ocean heat content changes induced by tropical cyclones in the North Pacific Jong Jin Park, Young-Oh Kwon, and James F. Price Physical Oceanography Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA Park, J. J., Y.-O. Kwon, and J. F. Price (2011), Argo array observation of ocean heat content changes induced by tropical cyclones in the North Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 116, CXXXXX, doi:10.1029/2011JC007165. Introduction These supplementary materials mainly contain sensitivity test results of the analysis made in the text. Figures S1, S4, and S5 describe another version of the analysis using the Argo float data to show its robustness. Figure S2 shows some of Argo profile examples, and Figure S3 is just a simple analytical test as described in the caption below. Details about the figures are in each caption. 1. 2011jc007165-fs01.jpg Figure S1. Probability density functions of heat content changes solely due to the TC responses (using de-convolution) in (a, c) near-surface (DeltaHA) and (b, d) subsurface (DeltaHB) observed from the Argo profile pairs chosen within (a-b) 200km and (c-d) 400km swath from each TC track. The warm colors are for the warming season (July-September) and cool colors are for the cooling season (October-December). In addition, different colors indicate different time windows after TC passage for the after-TC profiles. The dots and horizontal lines show means and 25%-75% percentile ranges of corresponding PDFs. Compare these with Figure 6e-f. 2. 2011jc007165-fs02.jpg Figure S2. Examples of temperature profile pairs obtained from Argo floats before and after typhoon events. (a) A typical profile change primarily due to vertical mixing which are obtained by the profiler ID 2900244 on 18 and 28 October, 2003 during the Typhoon Parma passage. (b) An example of profile change likely dominated by upwelling, which are measured by the profiler ID5900126 on 29 July and 8 August, 2003 during the Typhoon Etau passage. (c) A case likely affected by a background variability which are obtained by the profiler ID 2900196 on 3 June and 13 June, 2003 during the Typhoon Nangka passage. 3. 2011jc007165-fs03.jpg Figure S3. A simple test to explain possible bias of near-surface (DeltaHA) and subsurface (DeltaHB) heat content changes according to the choices of definition for zc in case of the non-intersecting profile pairs. (a) An arbitrary temperature profile (black line) obtained from Argo float (ID 2900240) on October 11, 2002 is assumed as a pre-TC profile. The colored lines are the post-TC profiles with shallowest (green) and deepest (red) thermocline, to which a sinusoidal undulation with amplitude of 20 m in vertical is applied. (b) The temporal section of temperature difference between the pre-TC and post-TC profiles. (c-e) Time-series of DeltaHA (red line) and DeltaHB (blue line) computed by different choices of zc, such as (c) MLD1, (d) MLD2, and (e) max(MLD2, MLD1). Dashed lines are time-averaged values for each case. When choosing zc as either MLD1 or MLD2, the time-averaged DeltaHA and DeltaHB are biased by about 0.05 GJ/m2, while the means are on zero when zc = max(MLD2, MLD1) is used. 4. 2011jc007165-fs04.jpg Figure S4. As in Figure 6, but for the profile pairs of which distance (D) between storm track and post-TC profile T2(z) is (a-b) smaller and (c-d) greater than two times radius of maximum wind (R). The selected samples for (a-b) occupy about 17% of total samples. Especially the numbers of samples within the period of 20-30 days in the both seasons are less than 100, hence the estimates of PDF may not be reliable. The samples for (c-d) are about 74% of the total. The R is not available for the rest samples (9%). 5. 2011jc007165-fs05.jpg Figure S5. As in Figure 6, but for the case 200 m is used instead of 400 m as the lower boundary of the vertical integration of DeltaHB. 6. 2011jc007165-fs06.jpg Figure S6. Zonal-averaged post-TC mixed layer depth (MLD) minus the climatological mean MLD in March, which is normalized by standard deviation within 5ox5o bins in the region of 120oE-180o in March. Red bars are for the post-TC profiles in the warming season (July-September) and the blue ones are in the cooling season (October-December). Bar charts of percentage at which MLDs from post-TC profiles are deeper than corresponding winter MLDs. Dotted lines show the average percentages in warming season (10%) and cooling season (38%).