Auxiliary material for Paper 2008GB003416 Groundfish overfishing, diatom decline, and the marine silica cycle: Lessons from Saanich Inlet, Canada, and the Baltic Sea cod crash Timor Katz Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel Gitai Yahel Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Now at School of Marine Sciences and Marine Environment, Ruppin Academic Center, Michmoret, Israel Ruthy Yahel VENUS Project, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Now at Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem, Israel Verena Tunnicliffe Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada VENUS Project, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Barak Herut Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel Paul Snelgrove Ocean Sciences Centre and Biology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada John Crusius U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA Boaz Lazar Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel Katz, T., G. Yahel, R. Yahel, V. Tunnicliffe, B. Herut, P. Snelgrove, J. Crusius, and B. Lazar (2009), Groundfish overfishing, diatom decline, and the marine silica cycle: Lessons from Saanich Inlet, Canada, and the Baltic Sea cod crash, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 23, XXXXXX, doi:10.1029/2008GB003416. Introduction Auxiliary material for this article contains underwater videos which show different fish species resuspending bottom sediments (Movies S1–S4); illustrations of the infaunal abundance in Saanich Inlet sediments (Figures S1 and S2) and a description of an in situ resuspension experiment in the Gulf of Aqaba (Figure S3); and a description of a benthic chamber experiment in the northern Gulf of Aqaba (Text S1). 1. 2008gb003416-txts01.txt, 2008gb003416-txts01.pdf Description of a benthic chamber experiment in the northern Gulf of Aqaba and captions for Figures S1, S2, and S3. 2. 2008gb003416-fs01.pdf Figure S1: Infaunal abundance in the surface sediments (the top 10 cm) of Saanich Inlet margins, Fraser Ridge (British Columbia), and two sites in Bonne Bay (Newfoundland). Samples were taken by cores with surface area of 38 cm2. Dashed line marks the average infaunal abundance in sediments from a variety of Newfoundland bays at depth of 100-300 m measured by techniques similar to those used in this study. The relatively low Infaunal abundance in Saanich Inlet is most likely caused by the frequent disturbance of the sediment (about once in two days (Yahel et al. 2008) by the dense flatfish population. 3. 2008gb003416-fs02.pdf Figure S2. Infaunal abundance in fish excluding experiments in Patricia Bay, Saanich Inlet. Results are from ambient sediments and sediments under full excluders and half excluders (~90 m depth). The infaunal abundance in the ambient sediments was measured just before the onset of the experiment. The full excluders, deployed in July 2005, were designed to prevent the access of groundfish to the underlying sediments and the half excluders, which like the full cages restricted the water flow, were designed to allow access of groundfish to the underlying sediments. Macrofaunal abundances are from the upper 5 cm in sediment cores that were collected at the start of the excluding experiment, and from sediment cores collected 7 months later. The numbers inside the data bars indicate the number of replicate cores and the letters above the bars denotes data groups as determined by a General Linear Model analysis. Note a two fold increase in infaunal abundance in sediments that were inaccessible to the fish. 4. 2008gb003416-fs03.pdf Figure S3. DSi versus time in a benthic chamber during the in situ simulate resuspension experiment conducted in the northern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. After 8 h of deployment the sediment in the chamber was resuspended for 2-3 sec, the event is marked by the vertical dashed line R. Open and solid circles mark DSi addition to the incubated waters before and after the resuspension event, respectively. 5. 2008gb003416-ms01.avi Movie S1. An Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) resuspending sediment while chasing small fish at depth of 440 m in the North Sea. (Video taken by an ROV courtesy of the SERPENT project: http://www.serpentproject.com) 6. 2008gb003416-ms02.avi Movie S2. A slender sole (Lyopsetta exilis) at depth of 93 m in Saanich Inlet resuspends sediment when capturing overhead zooplankton and when emerging from the sediment. (Video taken by VENUS cable camera.) 7. 2008gb003416-ms03.avi Movie S3. A spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) resuspending sediment while chasing a school of herring at depth of 95 m in Saanich Inlet. (Video taken by an ROV during this study.) 8. 2008gb003416-ms04.avi Movie S4. Goatfish resuspending sediment while searching for benthic invertebrates in the sandy seafloor in the Gulf of Aqaba. (Video taken by scuba divers at 12 m depth.)