Auxiliary Material Submission for Paper 2006pa001409

Intermediate water links to Deep Western Boundary Current variability in the subtropical 
NW Atlantic during marine isotope dtages 5 and 4

H. K. Evans, I. R. Hall, and G. G. Bianchi 

School of Earth, Ocean and Planetary Sciences, Cardiff University, 
Cardiff, UK 


D.W. Oppo 

Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, 
Massachusetts, USA

Evans, H. K., I. R. Hall, G. G. Bianchi, and D. W. Oppo  (2007), Intermediate water links to Deep Western Boundary Current variability in the subtropical NW Atlantic during marine isotope stages 5 and 4, Paleoceanography, 22, PA3209, doi:10.1029/2006PA001409.

Introduction
 
Figures S1--S3 show the age models constructed and the resulting sedimentation rates
for three cores in the western subtropical North Atlantic; Site 1060 [Bianchi et al., 2001], 
GPC-9 [Keigwin et al., 1994] and MD-95-2036 [Lehman et al., 2002]. The age models are based  
on benthic d18O correlations between the core site in question and the previous published age 
model for Site 1059 [Heusser and Oppo, 2003]. MD-95-2036 has an addtional correaltion between the 
planktonic d18O of Site 1059 [Heusser and Oppo, 2003]and the alkenone based sea surface 
temperature record of MD-95-2036 [Lehamn et al., 1994]. All figures are in the Postscriptfile 
(.eps) format. 

1. 2006pa001409-fs01.eps  
Adjusted chronology for Site 1060 [Bianchi et al., 2001] on the Blake 
Outer Ridge, derived by tying the benthic d18O record to the previously published benthic record 
from Site 1059 [Heusser and Oppo, 2003].  (A) Benthic d18O data versus age (kyr BP) for Site 1059 
(blue; 2997 m water depth) and Site 1060 (black; 3480 m water depth), respectively; (B) The 
resulting sedimentation rates (cm/kyr) for Site 1060.  Black vertical lines show correlation points 
used.

2. 2006pa001409-fs02.eps  
Adjusted chronology for Site GPC-9 [Keigwin et al., 1994] on the Blake 
Outer Ridge, derived by tying the benthic d18O record to the previously published benthic record
from Site 1059 [Heusser and Oppo, 2003].  (A) Benthic d18O data versus age (kyr BP) for Site 1059 
(blue; 2997 m water depth) and Site GPC-9 (green; 4760 m water depth), respectively; (B) The 
resulting sedimentation rates (cm/kyr) for Site GPC-9.  Black vertical lines show correlation points
used.

3. 2006pa001409-fs03.eps  
Adjusted chronology for Site MD-95-2036 [Lehman et al., 2002] on the 
Blake Outer Ridge, derived by firstly tying the benthic d18O record to the previously published 
benthic record from Site 1059 [Heusser and Oppo, 2003] then fine tuning the correlation by tying
the alkenone SST record of Site MD95-2036 to the planktonic d18O record from Site 1059 [Heusser 
and Oppo, 2003]. This approach proved particularly useful in the younger part of the record where
there were no benthic isotopes available at MD95-2036 for correlation. (A) Benthic d18O data; (B)
alkenone derive SST for MD95-2036 and planktonic d18O record for Site 1059 versus age (kyr BP). 
Site 1059 is the blue line (2997 m water depth) and Site MD95-2036 is the black line (4462 m water
depth), (C) The resulting sedimentation rates (cm/ kyr) for Site MD95-2036.  Black vertical lines show correlation points 
used.



References

Bianchi, G.G., M. Vautravers, and N.J. Shackleton (2001), Deep water variability under apparently
stable North Atlantic Deep Water production during the last interglacial of the subtropical NW 
Atlantic, Paleoceanography, 16(3), 306-316.

Heusser, L., and D.W. Oppo (2003), Millennial- and orbital-scale climate variability in 
southeastern United States and in the subtropical Atlantic during Marine Isotope Stage 5: 
evidence from pollen and isotopes in ODP Site 1059, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 214, 483-490. 

Keigwin, L.D., W.B. Curry, S.J. Lehman, and S. Johnsen (1994), The role of the deep ocean in 
North Atlantic climate change between 70 and 130 kyr ago, Nature, 371, 323-326. 

Lehman, S.J., J.P. Sachs, A.M. Crotwell, L.D. Keigwin, and E.A. Boyle (2002), Relation of 
subtropical Atlantic temperature, high-latitude ice rafting, deep water formation, and European 
climate 130,000-60,000 years ago, Quat. Sci. Rev., 21, 1917-1924.