Auxiliary material for Paper 2005PA001205

Evidence from diatom-bound nitrogen isotopes for subarctic Pacific stratification during 
the last ice age and a link to North Pacific denitrification changes
 
Brigitte G. Brunelle and Daniel M. Sigman
Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

Mea S. Cook and Lloyd D. Keigwin
Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 
Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
 
Gerald H. Haug, Birgit Plessen, and Georg Schettler 
Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

Samuel L. Jaccard
Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 
British Columbia, Canada

Brunelle, B. G., D. M. Sigman, M. S. Cook, L. D. Keigwin, G. H. Haug, B. Plessen, G. 
Schettler, and S. L. Jaccard (2007), Evidence from diatom-bound nitrogen isotopes for 
subarctic Pacific stratification during the last ice age and a link to North Pacific 
denitrification changes, Paleoceanography, 22, PA1215, doi:10.1029/2005PA001205. 


Introduction

This collection of auxiliary materials includes a table of the most relevant data from the paper, the protocol for separating and cleaning opal for measurements of diatom-bound dN15, and a figure illustrating all cleaning experiments performed on JPC17 sediments, including those from pre-LGM sections of the core.

1. 2005pa001205-ts01.txt Data in the table is described as follows: 
Column#: column name: data description (units)

Column 1: depth: depth (cm)

Column 2: age: age (ka)

Column 3: dN15blk: bulk sediment dN15 (permille)

Column 4: dN15db: diatom-bound dN15 (permille)

Column 5: opal: biogenic opal concentration (%)

Column 6: Ba: barium concentration (ppm)

Column 7: Al: aluminum concentration (ppm)

Column 8: bioBa: biogenic barium concentration (ppm)

Column 9: TN: total nitrogen concentration (%)

Column 10: CaCO3: calcium carbonate concentration (%)

Column 11: dO18pl: planktonic dO18 (Pachyderma (s.)) (permille)


Column 12: dO18bth: benthic dO18 (Uvigerina) (permille)

Column 13: C14raw: radiocarbon date (radiocarbon y)

Column 14: C14sig: 1 sigma range for radiocarbon dates (+/- y)

Column 15: C14cal: probability maximum of calibrated radiocarbon date (calendar y, BP)

Column 16: C14cLo: lower limit of the 1 sigma range of calibrated radiocarbon date (calendar y, BP)

Column 17: C14cHi: upper limit of the 1 sigma range of calibrated radiocarbon date (calendar y, BP)

Column 18: FluxTh: thorium-normalized flux (g cm-2 kyr-1)

Column 19: BaTh: thorium-normalized flux of biogenic barium (g cm-2 kyr-1)

Column 20: CaTh: thorium-normalized flux of calcium carbonate (g cm-2 kyr-1)

Column 21: opTh: thorium-normalized flux of biogenic opal (g cm-2 kyr-1)

Column 22: FluxC14: average C14-derived flux (g cm-2 kyr-1)

Column 23: BaC14: average C14-derived flux of biogenic barium (g cm-2 kyr-1)

Column 24: CaC14: average C14-derived flux of calcium carbonate (g cm-2 kyr-1)

Column 25: opC14: average C14-derived flux of biogenic opal (g cm-2 kyr-1)

2. 2005pa001205-text01.txt Protocol describing the physical separation of diatom opal from bulk sediment and subsequent reductive and oxidative cleaning procedures.

3. 2005pa001205-fs01.eps Comparison of d15Ndb as measured following three different oxidative cleaning protocols on a suite of samples through the last interglacial in JPC17. In the "perchloric until boiling" and "perchloric at 100 degrees C" profiles, open symbols are replicates for the entire protocol, including the physical opal extraction and wet chemical cleaning steps; closed symbols are averages of two or more replicates. In the "refreshings with peroxide" profile, open symbols indicate samples that underwent multiple peroxide cleanings, but which were not necessarily extracted separately; closed symbols are the average for all replicates.  Cleaning with perchloric acid at 100 degrees C is the basis of our current protocol.